Impact of sodium chloride on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus analysed using transmission electron microscopy.

Abundant literature information is available on sodium chloride, NaCl, as an antimicrobial and a preservative, however, information on NaCl effects on bacterial cell morphology is lacking. The effect of NaCl, on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus cells individually grown in a laboratory medium was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cultures were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth containing dissolved 0%, 5%, or 10% (w/v) commercially obtained fine (FN) and extra coarse (EC) grade granular NaCl.

Dental caries status of preschool children in Hong Kong.

Objective: To describe the dental caries status of preschool children in Hong Kong and factors which affect their caries status.

Design: 658 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years from six randomly selected kindergartens in Hong Kong were surveyed in December 1997. A questionnaire to investigate possible explanatory variables for caries status was completed by their parents.

Combined treatment of therapeutic laser and herbal application improves the strength of repairing ligament.

The present study investigated the effects of combined therapeutic laser and herbal medication protocols on injured medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) of rat knees. Fully 36 rats were evenly divided into 9 groups. Right MCLs of groups 1 to 6 and 8 were transected, while that of groups 7 and 9 remained intact.

What determines patient satisfaction with cataract care under topical local anesthesia and monitored sedation in a community hospital setting?

The Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale (ISAS) is a reliable and valid tool to measure patient satisfaction with monitored anesthesia care. We used the ISAS to discover determinants of patient satisfaction with cataract care under topical local anesthesia and monitored sedation in a small community hospital. The ISAS (scored 1 to 6) was administered to 306 patients immediately after cataract surgery.

Can the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale be used to measure patient satisfaction with cataract care under topical local anesthesia and monitored sedation at a community hospital?

Patient satisfaction ratings provide a means to evaluate and monitor quality of health care. We tested the ability of the Iowa Satisfaction with Anesthesia Scale (ISAS) to measure satisfaction with cataract care under topical local anesthesia and monitored sedation given by an anesthesiologist at a community hospital. Three hundred six patients were administered the ISAS along with alternate ratings of quality of care and patient satisfaction.

Effects of herbal application on the ultrastructural morphology of repairing medial collateral ligament in a rat model.

The present study investigated the effects of an external herbal application on the ultrastructural morphology of repairing medial collateral ligament (MCL) in a rat model. Eight MCL-transected/herb-treated rats (group 1) were compared with 8 MCL-transected/placebo-treated controls (group 2) and 8 MCL-intact/placebo-treated rats (group 3). At 3 and 6 weeks posttransection, MCL specimens were examined under electron microscope.

Narrative skills in children with selective mutism: an exploratory study.

Selective mutism (SM) is a rare and complex disorder associated with anxiety symptoms and speech-language deficits; however, the nature of these language deficits has not been studied systematically. A novel cross-disciplinary assessment protocol was used to assess anxiety and nonverbal cognitive, receptive language, and expressive narrative abilities in 7 children with SM and a comparison group of 7 children with social phobia (SP). The children with SM produced significantly shorter narratives than children with SP, despite showing normal nonverbal cognitive and receptive language abilities.

Herbal remedies improve the strength of repairing ligament in a rat model.

Herbal remedies have been reported to be effective in controlling inflammation for acute soft tissue injuries. There exist, however, no reports of their effects on collagen production and remodeling; thus mechanical strength studies of the tissues have not been reported. This study tested the effects of a herbal remedy on the strength of healing medial collateral ligaments (MCL) in rats.

Development and validation of a depression scale for Asian adolescents.

Items covering both core and culture-specific facets of depression were generated based on literature review and clinical experience. They were modified following focus group discussions with depressed adolescents and adolescents in the community. The newly constructed Asian Adolescent Depression Scale (AADS) was administered to a clinical and a community sample of adolescents together with other rating scales.

Antibacterial effect of water-soluble tea extracts on foodborne pathogens in laboratory medium and in a food model.

The microbial inhibition of foodborne pathogens was determined in brain heart infusion broth with 10% (wt/vol) water-soluble extracts of green, jasmine, black, dungglre, and oolong tea against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The mixed culture (approximately 6.0 log CFU/ml), which was composed of the four pathogens, was inoculated into brain heart infusion broth with and without tea extracts.

Missing C, supplemental D and supplemental premolar all in one quadrant: a case report.

This case report describes a non-syndromic Caucasian patient who presented with a missing upper right primary canine and a supplemental upper right primary first molar. Later, a supplemental premolar developed in the upper right quadrant. The report highlights the importance of early diagnosis of dental anomalies and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment planning.

Ultrastructural comparison of medial collateral ligament repair after single or multiple applications of GaAlAs laser in rats.

Background And Objectives: To examine single versus multiple applications of a gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser on the ultrastructural morphology of surgically injured medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) in rats.

Study Design/materials And Methods: Sixteen rats were studied with 12 receiving right MCL transection and 4 receiving sham injury. Group 1 (n = 4) received one session of laser (31.

Common and constrasting areas of activation for abstract and concrete concepts: an H2 15O PET study.

Lesion studies indicate that the lateral and inferior temporal cortex is a critical area of semantic memory storage, but little is known about the cortical organization of semantics within this area. One proposition has been that dominant physical characteristics of objects (structure, motility) are determining factors. A positron emission tomography experiment using the H2(15)O bolus method was performed to test this hypothesis by contrasting activation for concrete and abstract concepts.

Water, sodium chloride and acidified sodium chlorite effects on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus on beef briskets.

Effectiveness of spray application of potable water wash (WW), 25% (w/v) sodium chloride (NaCl), and 0.1% (v/v) acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) was evaluated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated onto beef briskets. The purpose was to identify antimicrobial treatments which may be applied to beef carcasses and more specifically in kosher meat facilities.

Antibacterial effect of water-soluble arrowroot (Puerariae radix) tea extracts on foodborne pathogens in ground beef and mushroom soup.

Antimicrobial activity of water-soluble arrowroot tea extract was evaluated against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus in ground beef and mushroom soup. The concentrations of arrowroot tea used were 0, 3, and 6% (wt/wt) for ground beef and 0, 1, 5, and 10% (wt/vol) for mushroom soup. Samples without tea extract were considered controls.

Effect of spices and organic acids on the growth of Clostridium perfringens during cooling of cooked ground beef.

This study evaluated the effect of organic acids and spices, alone or combined, on Clostridium perfringens growth in cooked ground beef during alternative cooling procedures. Ground beef was inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C. perfringens (ATCC 10388, NCTC 8238, and NCTC 8239) at 2 log spores per g and prepared following an industrial recipe (10% water, 1.

Running exercises improve the strength of a partially ruptured Achilles tendon.

Objectives: To examine the effects of running and swimming exercises on the functional performance and mechanical strength of a recovering Achilles tendon.

Methods: 30 Sprague-Dawley rats had surgical transection of their right medial Achilles tendon. The rats were divided into running (n = 11), swimming (n = 10), and control (n = 9) groups.

Antibacterial effect of crude water-soluble arrowroot (Puerariae radix) tea extracts on food-borne pathogens in liquid medium.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of crude water-soluble arrowroot tea extracts on microbial growth of food-borne pathogens in liquid medium and to confirm the damage to bacterial cells using Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM).

Methods And Results: Inhibition of growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated using Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth containing 0 (control), 0.63, 1.

IQ and the association with myopia in children.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between intelligence and myopia in children.

Methods: Cycloplegic refraction and ocular biometry parameters, including axial length, vitreous chamber depth, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature were obtained in 1204 Chinese school children aged 10 to 12 years from three schools who were participants in the Singapore Cohort Study Of the Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM). Intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed using the nonverbal Raven Standard Progressive Matrix test.

Comparison of single and multiple applications of GaAlAs laser on rat medial collateral ligament repair.

Background And Objectives: To examine single versus multiple applications of the gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser on the healing of surgically injured medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) in rats.

Study Design/materials And Methods: Sixteen rats were studied, with 12 receiving surgical transection to their right MCL and 4 receiving a sham injury. Group 1 (n = 4) received a single dose of GaAlAs laser therapy (wavelength 660 nm, average power 8.

Inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice by a combination of nisin and cinnamon.

Pasteurized apple juice with nisin (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm, wt/vol) and cinnamon (0 and 0.3%, wt/vol) was inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 10(4) CFU/ml and stored at 5 and 20 degrees C. Counts on tryptic soy agar (TSA), selective medium (xylose Lysine desoxycholate agar for Salmonella Typhimurium, and MacConkey sorbitol agar for E.

Evaluation of a 5'-nuclease (TaqMan) assay with the thin agar layer oxyrase method for the detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in ground pork samples.

A 5'-nuclease (TaqMan) assay was evaluated for its capability to recover and detect stressed Yersinia enterocolitica. Sensitivity studies of a 5'-nuclease assay for detecting Y. enterocolitica 0:8 in a pure culture system and spiked ground pork samples demonstrated that the assay has reliable sensitivity with a detection limit of 3 to 4 log CFU/ml or CFU/g.

The dental management of adult patients with haemophilia and other congenital bleeding disorders.

The management of adult dental patients with congenital bleeding disorders has caused a considerable number of problems to the dental profession. There is a need to simplify the process and identify what can be safely carried out on a 'shared care' basis in General Dental Practice or the Community Dental Service. Particular problems are discussed with special reference to those requiring hospital care.

Factors affecting outcomes of traumatically extruded permanent teeth in children.

Purpose: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of residual extrusion, pulpal necrosis, and resorption for extruded permanent teeth and to establish the effect of presentation and treatment factors.

Methods: Seventy-two traumatically extruded permanent incisors were studied at the Departments of Paediatric Dentistry in Belfast, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Glasgow. The mean age of the patients was 10.