Implementation of an educational intervention to improve medical student cost awareness: a prospective cohort study.

Background: In the context of rising healthcare costs, formal education on treatment-related financial hardship is lacking in many medical schools, leaving future physicians undereducated and unprepared to engage in high-value care.

Method: We performed a prospective cohort study to characterize medical student knowledge regarding treatment-related financial hardship from 2019 to 2020 and 2020-2021, with the latter cohort receiving a targeted educational intervention to increase cost awareness. Using Kirkpatrick's four-level training evaluation model, survey data was analyzed to characterize the acceptability of the intervention and the impact of the intervention on student knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported preparedness to engage in cost-conscious care.

A Confidence Region Approach to Tuning for Variable Selection.

We develop an approach to tuning of penalized regression variable selection methods by calculating the sparsest estimator contained in a confidence region of a specified level. Because confidence intervals/regions are generally understood, tuning penalized regression methods in this way is intuitive and more easily understood by scientists and practitioners. More importantly, our work shows that tuning to a fixed confidence level often performs better than tuning via the common methods based on AIC, BIC, or cross-validation (CV) over a wide range of sample sizes and levels of sparsity.

Representation of women in randomized clinical trials of cardiovascular disease prevention.

Background: The 2007 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women drew heavily on results from randomized clinical trials; however, representation of women in trials of cardiovascular disease prevention has not been systematically assessed.

Methods And Results: We abstracted 156 randomized clinical trials cited by the 2007 women's prevention guidelines to determine female representation over time and by clinical indication, prevention type, location of trial conduct, and funding source. Both women and men were represented in 135 of 156 (86.