Safety and efficacy of viltolarsen treatment in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A retrospective study with 3-year follow-up.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe, progressive muscle wasting. Viltolarsen, a formulation consisting of exon 53-skipping antisense oligonucleotides of the dystrophin gene, has been indicated for some patients with DMD. However, reports describing the efficacy and safety of viltolarsen treatment in patients with DMD, particularly those comparing patients receiving viltolarsen with age- and time-period-matched controls, are limited.

Bayesian estimation of trunk-leg coordination during walking using phase oscillator models.

In human walking, the legs and other body parts coordinate to produce a rhythm with appropriate phase relationships. From the point of view for rehabilitating gait disorders, such as Parkinson Disorders, it is important to understand the control mechanism of the gait rhythm. A previous study showed that the antiphase relationship of the two legs during walking is not strictly controlled using the reduction of the motion of the legs during walking to coupled phase oscillators.

Interlimb coordination is not strictly controlled during walking.

In human walking, the left and right legs move alternately, half a stride out of phase with each other. Although various parameters, such as stride frequency and length, vary with walking speed, the antiphase relationship remains unchanged. In contrast, during walking in left-right asymmetric situations, the relative phase shifts from the antiphase condition to compensate for the asymmetry.

Chirality-Induced Phonon-Spin Conversion at an Interface.

We consider spin injection driven by nonequilibrium chiral phonons from a chiral insulator into an adjacent metal. Phonon-spin conversion arises from the coupling of the electron spin with the microrotation associated with chiral phonons. We derive a microscopic formula for the spin injection rate at a metal-insulator interface.

Severe circumferential rectal ulcer associated with electric bidet toilet use.

A 66-year-old man presented to the gastroenterology department with anal pain. For >10 years, he had used an electric bidet toilet while defecating for >5 min at a time, because of constipation. Two weeks prior to his visit, he became aware of discomfort in his anal area and had used an enema 1 week previously.

Roles of the cerebellar vermis in predictive postural controls against external disturbances.

The central nervous system predictively controls posture against external disturbances; however, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the cerebellar vermis plays a substantial role in acquiring predictive postural control by using a standing task with floor disturbances in rats. The intact, lesioned, and sham groups of rats sequentially underwent 70 conditioned floor-tilting trials, and kinematics were recorded.

Computational prediction of muscle synergy using a finite element framework for a musculoskeletal model on lower limb.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the central nervous system activates muscles in module patterns to reduce the complexity needed to control each muscle while producing a movement, which is referred to as muscle synergy. In previous musculoskeletal modeling-based muscle synergy analysis studies, as a result of simplification of the joints, a conventional rigid-body link musculoskeletal model failed to represent the physiological interactions of muscle activation and joint kinematics. However, the interaction between the muscle level and joint level that exists is an important relationship that influences the biomechanics and neurophysiology of the musculoskeletal system.

Muscle synergy analysis yields an efficient and physiologically relevant method of assessing stroke.

The Fugl-Meyer Assessment is widely used to test motor function in stroke survivors. In the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, stroke survivors perform several movement tasks and clinicians subjectively rate the performance of each task item. The individual task items in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment are selected on the basis of clinical experience, and their physiological relevance has not yet been evaluated.

Predictive model for bleeding after gastric submucosal dissection before and after guidelines: A single-center retrospective study.

Objectives: In July 2017, supplementary guidelines on anticoagulants, including direct oral anticoagulants, were published in Japan. We investigated the changes in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastric mucosal lesions after the publication of the supplement, examined the risk factors, and developed a predictive model for post-ESD bleeding.

Methods: We included 2272 gastric ESD cases from our hospital between May 2003 and June 2021 and classified them into two groups: 1789 cases before and 483 after the publication of the supplementary guidelines.

Spin Elastodynamic Motive Force.

The spin-motive force (SMF) in a simple ferromagnetic monolayer caused by a surface acoustic wave is studied theoretically via spin-vorticity coupling (SVC). The SMF has two mechanisms. The first is the SVC-driven SMF, which produces the first harmonic electromotive force, and the second is the interplay between the SVC and the magnetoelastic coupling, which produces the dc and second harmonic electromotive forces.

A Model of Predictive Postural Control Against Floor Tilting in Rats.

Humans and animals learn the internal model of bodies and environments from their experience and stabilize posture against disturbances based on the predicted future states according to the internal model. We evaluated the mechanism of predictive control during standing, by using rats to construct a novel experimental system and comparing their behaviors with a mathematical model. In the experiments, rats ( = 6) that were standing upright using their hindlimbs were given a sensory input of light, after a certain period, the floor under them tilted backward.

Acoustic spin Hall effect in strong spin-orbit metals.

We report on the observation of the acoustic spin Hall effect that facilitates lattice motion-induced spin current via spin-orbit interaction (SOI). Under excitation of surface acoustic wave (SAW), we find that a spin current flows orthogonal to the SAW propagation in nonmagnetic metals (NMs). The acoustic spin Hall effect manifests itself in a field-dependent acoustic voltage in NM/ferromagnetic metal bilayers.

Variant and Invariant Spatiotemporal Structures in Kinematic Coordination to Regulate Speed During Walking and Running.

Humans walk, run, and change their speed in accordance with circumstances. These gaits are rhythmic motions generated by multi-articulated movements, which have specific spatiotemporal patterns. The kinematic characteristics depend on the gait and speed.

Neuromusculoskeletal model that walks and runs across a speed range with a few motor control parameter changes based on the muscle synergy hypothesis.

Humans walk and run, as well as change their gait speed, through the control of their complicated and redundant musculoskeletal system. These gaits exhibit different locomotor behaviors, such as a double-stance phase in walking and flight phase in running. The complex and redundant nature of the musculoskeletal system and the wide variation in locomotion characteristics lead us to imagine that the motor control strategies for these gaits, which remain unclear, are extremely complex and differ from one another.

Adaptive hindlimb split-belt treadmill walking in rats by controlling basic muscle activation patterns via phase resetting.

To investigate the adaptive locomotion mechanism in animals, a split-belt treadmill has been used, which has two parallel belts to produce left-right symmetric and asymmetric environments for walking. Spinal cats walking on the treadmill have suggested the contribution of the spinal cord and associated peripheral nervous system to the adaptive locomotion. Physiological studies have shown that phase resetting of locomotor commands involving a phase shift occurs depending on the types of sensory nerves and stimulation timing, and that muscle activation patterns during walking are represented by a linear combination of a few numbers of basic temporal patterns despite the complexity of the activation patterns.

Advantage of straight walk instability in turning maneuver of multilegged locomotion: a robotics approach.

Multilegged locomotion improves the mobility of terrestrial animals and artifacts. Using many legs has advantages, such as the ability to avoid falling and to tolerate leg malfunction. However, many intrinsic degrees of freedom make the motion planning and control difficult, and many contact legs can impede the maneuverability during locomotion.

Investigation of adaptive split-belt treadmill walking by the hindlimbs of rats.

In this study, we investigated the adaptive behavior during hindlimb locomotion of rats on a split-belt treadmill. We measured and analyzed the movement of intact rats walking by the hindlimbs on the splitbelt treadmill with two conditions: symmetric and asymmetric belt speed. In addition, we conducted the dynamic simulation of a neuromusculoskeletal model of rat's hindlimb walking on a split-belt treadmill.

Measuring body sway of bipedally standing rat and quantitative evaluation of its postural control.

Human generates very slow (<1 Hz) body sway during standing, and the behavior of this sway is known to be changed characteristically depending on the neural ataxia. In order to investigate the sway mechanism and mechanism of neural ataxia through this sway behavior, the present research proposes an experimental environment of rats under bipedal standing. By the experiment, we succeeded the measurement of six intact rats standing for over 200 seconds without postural supports.