Epidermal turnover and iron metabolism in senile lentigo.

Senile lentigo (SL) is a pigmentary disorder associated with disrupted epidermal turnover. Trace minerals in the skin are known to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. To clarify the role of iron in SL, we compared the expression of molecules related to iron metabolism between SL lesion (lesion) and the surrounding normal skin (nonlesion).

Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome in Children and Adults.

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of hamartomatous polyposis throughout the gastrointestinal tract, except for the esophagus, along with characteristic mucocutaneous pigmentation. It is caused by germline pathogenic variants of the STK11 gene, which exhibit an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Some patients with PJS develop gastrointestinal lesions in childhood and require continuous medical care until adulthood and sometimes have serious complications that significantly reduce their quality of life.

Enhancement of Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis and Elimination of DNA Damage by Pre-Irradiation with Infrared Radiation A Does Not Depend on DNA Damage Repair.

Background: We previously reported that pre-irradiation with infrared radiation A (IRA) eliminated ultraviolet B (UVB) -induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Accelerated elimination of CPDs could have resulted from enhanced DNA repair and/or enhanced induction of apoptosis. Using Xpa knockout (KO) mice, which are deficient in DNA repair, we examined whether IRA accelerated elimination of CPDs by enhancing DNA repair.

Five novel mutations in SASH1 contribute to lentiginous phenotypes in Japanese families.

SASH1 has been reported as a causal gene of lentiginous phenotypes with and without heredity, including an autosomal dominant type characterized by lentigines predominantly on sun-exposed areas such as the face and limbs. Recently, cases of dyschromatosis with SASH1 mutations have been reported worldwide; however, only one case has been reported from Japan. Here, we analyzed six Japanese patients who characteristically showed many lentigines on sun-exposed areas, using next-generation sequencing.

The Effect of a Frequency-Doubled Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser on Hairless Mice Harboring Eumelanin and Pheomelanin in the Epidermis.

Background: For laser therapy, darker skin types should be carefully treated, however, the precise role of melanin content, subspecies, and the heat effect of the laser has not been well studied in vivo.

Methods: We generated three groups of mice that have epidermal melanocytes producing only eumelanin, dominant pheomelanin, and no melanin. Using these mice, the effect of a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser was studied.

Intralymphatic histiocytosis in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: a case report.

Background: Pembrolizumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 protein monoclonal antibody, is effective for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab induce various immune-related adverse events, involving the lung, liver, gastrointestinal, endocrine system, and skin. Intralymphatic histiocytosis (ILH) is a rare, chronic cutaneous disorder with a reactive inflammatory component, which often occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Two Cases of Verrucous Carcinoma: Revisiting the Definition.

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is an uncommon, distinct type of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Here we present two cases of VC, one arising from the lower leg and the other from genital skin. Case 1, a female patient, aged 95 years, had a brownish verrucous plaque on her right lower leg.

Assessment of medication adherence and treatment satisfaction in Japanese patients with psoriasis of various severities.

Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory keratotic skin disease. To elucidate the medication adherence and treatment satisfaction, we performed a questionnaire survey using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and nine-item Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) of 163 psoriatic patients who regularly visited hospitals or clinics. To assess the relationship between the MMAS-8/TSQM-9 outcomes and severity of psoriasis, two different clinical severity indices were used: the Psoriasis Area and the Severity Index (PASI) for disease severity and the Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) for quality of life (QOL) impairment.

A Case of a Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath of the Middle Phalanx of the Fourth Toe.

Giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS) are one of the most common tumors of the hand, along with ganglions. However, occurrence in the toes is far less common. Here we present a rare case of GCT-TS at the middle phalanx level of the flexor digitorum longus tendon sheath.

A Case of External Dental Fistula Related to a Fixed Cantilever Bridge.

An external dental fistula is a skin manifestation caused by an underlying dental problem. We report a rare case of external dental fistula associated with a fixed cantilever denture. A 77-year-old Japanese woman presented with an enlarging reddish granulomatous lesion on her right cheek that was diagnosed as an external dental fistula.

Squamous Cell Carcinomas on Bilateral Feet Arising in Long-Standing Eczematous Lesions.

We present a woman with squamous cell carcinomas on both feet in long-standing eczematous lesions. Histopathological examination of biopsies from the both feet revealed highly atypical cells invading the reticular layer of the dermis in the hyperkeratotic lesion and they were associated with surrounding dermatitis with spongiosis. Although the cause and etiology of eczema in our case is unclear, we speculate that the exceptionally long-lasting dermatitis might have induced double SCCs on bilateral feet with an unusual constitution.