Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with lacrimal gland enlargement and pancreatic swelling: case report and literature review.

A 62-year-old man had bilateral eyelid swelling for 4 months. Two months before admission, he developed fatigue and lost 5 kg of bodyweight. Further examination revealed elevated serum C-reactive protein, normal angiotensin-converting enzyme, elevated proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA), and normal IgG4 concentration.

Comparative analysis of non-coding and coding DNA mutations in flat urothelial lesions: biological implications and insights.

Recent research in urothelial carcinoma (UC) has focused on coding mutations, leaving the significance of non-coding mutations unexplored. This study aims to evaluate non-coding DNA mutation frequencies compared to coding regions in normal urothelium and flat lesions, exploring their implications for tumor biology. Using targeted next-generation sequencing with UC-related gene panel, we analyzed non-coding and coding DNA mutation frequencies across 119 samples of flat urothelium encompassing various lesion types.

Small sized centroblasts as poor prognostic factor in follicular lymphoma - Based on artificial intelligence analysis.

Histological assessment of centroblasts is an important evaluation in the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, but there is substantial observer variation in assessment among hematopathologists. We aimed to perform quantitative morphological analysis of centroblasts in follicular lymphoma using new artificial intelligence technology in relation to the clinical prognosis. Hematoxylin and eosin slides of lesions were prepared from 36 cases of follicular lymphoma before initial chemotherapy.

Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy followed by resection for superior sulcus tumour with high PD-L1 expression: A case report.

The standard treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) located in the superior sulcus is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by highly invasive resection. Based on the results of the CheckMate 816 trial, which showed a marked improvement in the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy, we report a case of minimally invasive resection after neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy for superior sulcus NSCLC, resulting in a pathologic complete response. The patient was a 76-year-old man with a 65-mm right superior sulcus tumour diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma with 95% PD-L1.

Double Negativity of MRI-Detected and Pathologically-Diagnosed Extramural Venous Invasion is a Favorable Prognostic Factor for Rectal Cancer.

Background: Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) is a prognostic factor in rectal cancer. There are two types: EMVI detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (mr-EMVI) and EMVI detected by pathology (p-EMVI). They have been separately evaluated, but they have not yet been concurrently evaluated.

Artificial Intelligence Detected the Relationship Between Nuclear Morphological Features and Molecular Abnormalities of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma and has characteristic nuclear features. Genetic abnormalities of PTC affect recent molecular target therapeutic strategy towards RET-altered cases, and they affect clinical prognosis and progression. However, there has been insufficient objective analysis of the correlation between genetic abnormalities and nuclear features.

Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodule that was difficult to differentiate from lung adenocarcinoma due to specific computed tomography findings changes: A case report.

Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules (MPMNs) are benign lesions characterized by the appearance of ground-glass nodules (GGN) on computed tomography (CT). In the present case, an MPMN gradually developed into a substantial component during chest CT follow-up, and the GGN gradually transformed into a part-solid nodule. The imaging course described in this case is quite unique.

Utility of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objectives: Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CH-EUS) plays an important role in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CH-EUS is useful for predicting the treatment efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) determined by pathological response.

Methods: Patients who underwent CH-EUS before chemotherapy and surgical resection were divided into two groups according to poor (group-P) or rich tumor vascularity (group-R) determined by enhancement pattern on early- and late-phase CH-EUS.

Overlapping Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and C3 Glomerulopathy with Mutation in CFI in a Japanese Patient: A Case Report.

A 34-year-old Japanese man presented with blurred vision, headache, nausea, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and severe renal dysfunction. Thrombotic microangiopathy was initially suspected to have been caused by malignant hypertension. Antihypertensive medications did not improve his thrombocytopenia or renal dysfunction, and other diseases causing thrombotic microangiopathy were ruled out.

Chondroma Arising from the Temporomandibular Joint: A Case Report.

Periarticular chondromas are common in the humerus and femur but rarely occur in the temporomandibular joint. We report a case of a chondroma in the anterior part of the ear. One year prior to his visit, a 53-year-old man became aware of swelling in the right cheek region which gradually increased in size.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma with aggressive fused follicular and solid growth pattern: A unique histological subtype with high-grade malignancy?

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is usually indolent; however, some rare subtypes of PTCs, such as columnar cell and hobnail subtypes, carry poor prognosis as an intermediate malignancy between differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. We present the case of a 56-year-old Japanese woman having PTC with aggressive behavior showing characteristic histological features of a predominantly fused follicular and focally solid (FFS) pattern. The fused follicular pattern is cribriform-like without intermingled vessels.

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Flat Urothelial Lesions Reveals Putative Pathobiological Pathways, Potential Biomarkers, and Rational Therapeutic Targets.

Flat urothelial lesions are controversial diagnostic and prognostic urologic entities whose importance relies mainly on their ability to progress to muscle-invasive tumors via urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS). However, the carcinogenetic progression of preneoplastic flat urothelial lesions is not well established. Moreover, predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets of the highly recurrent and aggressive urothelial CIS lesion are lacking.

Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Interpretable Prediction of the Pathologic Diagnosis and Molecular Abnormalities of Flat Urothelial Lesions.

Flat urothelial lesions are important because of their potential for carcinogenesis and development into invasive urothelial carcinomas. However, it is difficult for pathologists to detect early flat urothelial changes and accurately diagnose flat urothelial lesions. To predict the pathologic diagnosis and molecular abnormalities of flat urothelial lesions from pathologic images, artificial intelligence with an interpretable method was used.

Pathologic Image Classification of Flat Urothelial Lesions Using Pathologic Criteria-Based Deep Learning.

Objectives: Pathologic diagnosis of flat urothelial lesions is subject to high interobserver variability. We expected that deep learning could improve the accuracy and consistency of such pathologic diagnosis, although the learning process is a black box. We therefore propose a new approach for pathologic image classification incorporating the diagnostic process of the pathologist into a deep learning method.

A rare case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa enteritis induced by pembrolizumab.

A 72-year-old male had pseudomonal enteritis related to pembrolizumab. Chemotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma with lung metastasis comprised cisplatin, 5-FU, and pembrolizumab. On day 14 of chemotherapy treatment he had a sudden prominent abdominal bulge, decreased consciousness, and drop in blood pressure in septic shock.

A novel missense mutation in the folliculin gene associated with the renal tumor-only phenotype of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease caused by germline mutations in the folliculin gene (FLCN), characterized by skin fibrofolliculomas, pulmonary cysts, and multiple renal tumors. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with multiple bilateral renal tumors resected by bilateral open partial nephrectomy. Following pathological diagnosis of hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors, targeted next-generation sequencing of FLCN of the patient's blood revealed a novel missense mutation (c.

Prognostic value of CD155/TIGIT expression in patients with colorectal cancer.

Introduction: The interaction of CD155 with its ligand, the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), is being studied owing to its potential to act as a target in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the relationship between CD155 and TIGIT in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis is not known. We hypothesized that the TIGIT-CD155 pathway suppresses the attack of T cells on tumors, thereby affecting CRC prognosis.

Small cell variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and molecular-genetic analysis of 10 cases.

The morphologic diversity of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is well-known. Aside from typical morphology, pigmented adenomatoid, multicystic and papillary patterns have been described. Ten cases of CHRCC composed of small cell population in various percentages were analysed, using morphologic parameters, immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing.

Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Macroscopically Yellowish-Colored Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Compared to Non-Yellowish-Colored Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Each histological variant of renal cell tumors has a unique color. The yellowish color of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is explained by the presence of intracytoplasmic lipid and glycogen accumulation. Color changes in CCRCC are correlated with clinicopathological and metabolic changes, as well as biological behavior.