Implantation of sigmoid colon cancer into the endoscopic resection site of intramucosal rectal cancer: A case report.

A 70-year-old woman was diagnosed with intramucosal rectal cancer and advanced sigmoid colon cancer at the same time. First, the intramucosal rectal cancer was curatively resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection, and surgery was subsequently performed for sigmoid colon cancer. After 20 months, a follow-up colonoscopy revealed a tumor growth at the ulcer scar of the endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Mutational spectrum of hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C determined by single molecule real-time sequencing.

The emergence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with resistance-associated substitution (RAS), produced by mutations in the HCV genome, is a major problem in direct acting antivirals (DAA) treatment. This study aimed to clarify the mutational spectrum in HCV-RNA and the substitution pattern for the emergence of RASs in patients with chronic HCV infection. HCV-RNA from two HCV replicon cell lines and the serum HCV-RNA of four non-liver transplant and four post-liver transplant patients with unsuccessful DAA treatment were analyzed using high-accuracy single-molecule real-time long-read sequencing.

Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with autoimmune gastritis.

A 60-year-old woman presented with a protruding tumor at the anterior wall of the middle gastric body, and she was positive for anti-parietal cells antibodies with elevated serum gastrin level. Final diagnosis was a mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm consisting of adenocarcinoma (tub1) and neuroendocrine tumor G2 with autoimmune gastritis.

A case of appendix adenocarcinoma associated with ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the colon. Patients with UC have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, appendix adenocarcinoma associated with UC is extremely rare.

Single-molecular real-time deep sequencing reveals the dynamics of multi-drug resistant haplotypes and structural variations in the hepatitis C virus genome.

While direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have dramatically progressed, patients still suffer from treatment failures. For the radical eradication of HCV, a deeper understanding of multiple resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) at the single-clone level is essential. To understand HCV quasispecies and their dynamics during DAA treatment, we applied single-molecule real-time (SMRT) deep sequencing on sera from 12 patients with genotype-1b HCV infections with DAA treatment failures, both pre- and post-treatment.

Dose Intensity/Body Surface Area Ratio is a Novel Marker Useful for Predicting Response to Lenvatinib against Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Lenvatinib was recently approved as a novel first-line molecular targeted agent (MTA) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The importance of relative dose intensity (RDI) has been shown in the treatment of various types of cancers. However, RDI may not accurately reflect the treatment intensity of lenvatinib, as it is the first oral MTA where the dose is based on the patient's weight.

Utility of ultrasound-guided liver tumor biopsy for next-generation sequencing-based clinical sequencing.

Aim: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow for evaluation of genetic alterations in various cancer-related genes in daily clinical practice. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue is often used for NGS-based clinical sequencing assays; however, the success rate of NGS assays using archival FFPE tumor tissue is reported to be lower than that using fresh tumor tissue. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided liver tumor biopsy for NGS-based multiplex gene assays.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum with Ulcerative Colitis Successfully Treated by the Combination of Granulocyte and Monocyte Adsorption Apheresis and Corticosteroids.

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to swelling and redness of the left lateral malleolus and dorsum of the left foot with severe pain, with a flare-up of ulcerative colitis (UC). A pathologic examination by skin biopsy led to a diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). She was treated with the intravenous administration of prednisolone (60 mg/day), and granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA) was performed twice-a-week for 5 weeks.

Primary intestinal follicular lymphoma and premature atherosclerosis in a Japanese diabetic patient with atypical familial partial lipodystrophy.

We experienced a case of primary intestinal follicular lymphoma and premature atherosclerosis in a diabetic patient with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) that was detected when the patient was evaluated for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). As FPL is generally considered to be rare, FPL is often underdiagnosed, especially in obese patients. Therefore, the prevalence of FPL is higher than previous estimates.

Early detection of 5-FU-induced acute leukoencephalopathy on diffusion-weighted MRI.

A 59-year-old man treated with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for advanced oesophageal cancer presented abnormal behaviour and subsequently developed impairment of cognitive function, dysphagia and dysarthria on the fifth day of the treatment. Although brain computed tomography revealed no abnormal findings, brain magnetic resonance imaging using diffusion-weighted imaging clearly revealed the presence of a high signal intensity in the deep white matter of the bilateral cerebral hemispheres, including the corpus callosum symmetrically. A diagnosis of acute leukoencephalopathy was reached based on these findings.

[A case of ruptured giant liver cyst complicated by Candida infection].

A 75-year-old woman who had been given a diagnosis of a giant liver cyst occupying the right hepatic lobe was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain. CT examination revealed the size of cyst was smaller than before and the level of CRP was elevated, suggesting the development of peritonitis due to rupture of the cyst. As Candida albicans was detected from both ascites and the cyst, we treated her with continuous percutaneous transhepatic drainage and antimycotic agents.

Simultaneous occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and myelodysplastic syndrome due to chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow cells.

Background/aims: Although chromosomal abnormalities in bone marrow (BM) cells, such as trisomy 8, are risk factors for the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) as well as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), the mechanisms of how these cytogenetic abnormalities cause intestinal inflammation are poorly understood.

Methods And Results: A 55-year-old man with a 3-month history of watery diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain was admitted. Blood examinations revealed pancytopenia.

Mast cells may not play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of experimental closed duodenal loop-induced pancreatitis in rats.

Introduction: Ws/Ws rats have a small deletion of the c-kit gene and are deficient in both mucosal-type mast cells and connective tissue-type mast cells.

Aim: To investigate the role of pancreatic mast cells in the development of experimental closed duodenal loop (CDL)-induced pancreatitis using Ws/Ws rats.

Methodology: Pancreatitis was induced by the CDL technique for 5 and 12 hours, and the subsequent ascites volume, wet pancreatic weight, pancreatic myeloperoxidase activities, and serum amylase levels were evaluated.