A decision tree for predicting the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia from thin-section computed tomography.

Purpose: To determine whether decision trees are useful for predicting organisms that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Materials And Methods: We developed a decision tree for predicting the organisms that cause CAP based on previously reported characteristic computed tomography findings. Sixteen readers (two student doctors, six residents, and eight radiologists) separately diagnosed 68 randomly selected cases of CAP using chest computed tomography.

Machine learning-based computer-aided simple triage (CAST) for COVID-19 pneumonia as compared with triage by board-certified chest radiologists.

Purpose: Several reporting systems have been proposed for providing standardized language and diagnostic categories aiming for expressing the likelihood that lung abnormalities on CT images represent COVID-19. We developed a machine learning (ML)-based CT texture analysis software for simple triage based on the RSNA Expert Consensus Statement system. The purpose of this study was to conduct a multi-center and multi-reader study to determine the capability of ML-based computer-aided simple triage (CAST) software based on RSNA expert consensus statements for diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Efficacy and safety of isavuconazole against deep-seated mycoses: A phase 3, randomized, open-label study in Japan.

Objectives: Isavuconazole is a convenient triazole antifungal agent with a broad antifungal spectrum. A randomized, open-label study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471988) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole in Japanese patients with deep-seated mycoses.

The scab-like sign: A CT finding indicative of haemoptysis in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the CT findings that characterise haemoptysis in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).

Methods: We retrospectively identified 120 consecutive patients with CPA (84 men and 36 women, 17-89 years of age, mean age 68.4 years) who had undergone a total of 829 CT examinations between January 2007 and February 2017.

Comparison of computer-aided detection (CADe) capability for pulmonary nodules among standard-, reduced- and ultra-low-dose CTs with and without hybrid type iterative reconstruction technique.

Purpose: To directly compare the effect of a reconstruction algorithm on nodule detection capability of the computer-aided detection (CADe) system using standard-dose, reduced-dose and ultra-low dose chest CTs with and without adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D (AIDR 3D).

Materials And Methods: Our institutional review board approved this study, and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Standard-, reduced- and ultra-low-dose chest CTs (250 mA, 50 mA and 10 mA) were used to examine 40 patients, 21 males (mean age ± standard deviation: 63.

Chest High-resolution Computed Tomography Findings in 601 Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Rationale And Objectives: Pulmonary involvement in inflammatory bowel disease may reflect the common embryonic origin of the gastrointestinal tract and the bronchial tree. No studies have compared pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). This study aimed to assess the relationship between pulmonary HRCT findings and inflammatory bowel disease activity and to compare HRCT findings between UC and CD.

Computed tomography findings in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly: comparison with EBV-negative DLBCL.

Objective: This study aimed to compare CT findings in patients with Epstein-Barr virus positive (EBV+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly with CT findings in patients with Epstein-Barr virus negative (EBV-) DLBCL.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 9 consecutive patients with EBV+ DLBCL (6 males and 3 females; aged 72-83 years, mean: 76.2 years) and 39 consecutive patients with EBV- DLBCL (19 males and 20 females; aged 53-91 years, mean: 71.

Disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Masquerading as Metastasis after Heavy Ion Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is useful in disease monitoring of malignancies after therapy, while an FDG uptake may also be present in benign diseases. We herein demonstrate a case of disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis mimicking systemic metastasis of prostate cancer. This case highlights that clinicians should consider Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with prostate cancer who demonstrate multifocal FDG uptakes masquerading as metastasis, even when the chest photographs reveal a normal appearance and a sputum examination demonstrates negative results.

Chest HRCT findings in acute transformation of adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia.

Objectives: To assess chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with acute transformation of adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL).

Methods: We retrospectively identified 72 consecutive patients at our institution with ATLL between October 2000 and March 2014. The cases included acute type (n = 20), lymphoma type (n = 21), smouldering type (n = 24) and chronic type (n = 7).

A comparison of axial versus coronal image viewing in computer-aided detection of lung nodules on CT.

Purpose: To compare primarily viewing axial images (Axial mode) versus coronal reconstruction images (Coronal mode) in computer-aided detection (CAD) of lung nodules on multidetector computed tomography (CT) in terms of detection performance and reading time.

Materials And Methods: Sixty CT data sets from two institutions were collected prospectively. Ten observers (6 radiologists, 4 pulmonologists) with varying degrees of experience interpreted the data sets using CAD as a second reader (performing nodule detection first without then with aid).

Expiratory computed tomographic techniques: a cause of a poor rate of change in lung volume.

Ninety-nine patients (29 males and 70 females; mean age, 57.1 years; range, 22-81 years) were included in this study to evaluate the factors affecting smaller lung volume changes in expiratory high-resolution computed tomography performed to depict air trapping. All patients underwent inspiratory and expiratory chest thin-section CT examinations and pulmonary function tests.

Comparison of high-resolution computed tomography findings between Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and Cytomegalovirus pneumonia.

Objective: To compare pulmonary high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia to HRCT findings in patients with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia.

Methods: We studied 124 patients (77 men, 47 women; age range, 20-89 years; mean age, 65.4 years) with P.

EBV-positive MTX-diffuse large B cell lymphoma in a rheumatoid arthritis patient.

Methotrexate (MTX)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders have received much attention from rheumatologists, and early diagnosis is very important for reducing mortality. There are several reports of radiologic findings in patients with pulmonary malignant lymphoma, mainly consisting of masses, nodules, and lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography has rarely detected necrosis in the masses.

Comparison of chest computed tomography features in the acute phase of cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome on arrival at the emergency department.

Purpose: Discriminating cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious problem in emergency departments, and the ability of chest radiographs to differentiate between these 2 entities is limited. We compared the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in the acute phase of CPE with those of ARDS.

Materials And Methods: Outpatients with acute respiratory failure presenting to emergency departments with bilateral pulmonary opacities were enrolled.

Impact of aspiration pneumonia in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background And Objective: Aspiration pneumonia is one of the common presentations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). However, its significance has not yet been fully evaluated due to the difficulties associated with the diagnosis of this condition. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of objectively defined aspiration pneumonia on patients' prognosis with CAP and HCAP.