Relationships Between Test Results for Oral Hypofunction, Subjective Frailty Symptoms and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Japanese Dental Outpatients: A Multicentre, Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Oral hypofunction is the stage before oral dysfunction. The subjective symptoms of poor oral function and the decline in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) that occur in the oral hypofunction stage can be missed.

Objective: This multicentre cross-sectional study was performed to examine the relationships between the test results for oral hypofunction, subjective frailty symptoms and OHRQoL of outpatients in dental clinics.

Prediction of tissue-of-origin of early stage cancers using serum miRNomes.

Background: Noninvasive detection of early stage cancers with accurate prediction of tumor tissue-of-origin could improve patient prognosis. Because miRNA profiles differ between organs, circulating miRNomics represent a promising method for early detection of cancers, but this has not been shown conclusively.

Methods: A serum miRNA profile (miRNomes)-based classifier was evaluated for its ability to discriminate cancer types using advanced machine learning.

High-grade bladder cancer cells secrete extracellular vesicles containing miRNA-146a-5p and promotes angiogenesis.

Recurrence is one of the major issues in bladder cancer (BCa). Novel technologies, such as the detection of microRNAs carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) in urine, have been proposed as biomarkers for detecting recurrence in BCa. Although the usefulness of microRNAs in body fluids from cancer patients has been reported, it is also known that they play essential roles in cancer progression.

Independent verification of circulating miRNA as diagnostic biomarkers for urothelial carcinoma.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is an umbrella term for bladder cancers (BCa) and upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), with BCa and UTUC sometimes detected concomitantly. The methods of detection for UC are often inaccurate or highly invasive, and, therefore, are thought to be unsatisfactory. Previously, we reported seven serum miRNAs as diagnostic markers for BCa.

Aurora kinase blockade drives de novo addiction of cervical squamous cell carcinoma to druggable EGFR signalling.

Oncogenic signalling confers tumour-progression advantages; thus, its pharmacological blockade is the best strategy for cancer chemotherapy. However, drug resistance and heterogeneous dependency of tumour hamper their therapeutic potential, suggesting the necessity for a new ubiquitous modality based on evading drug resistance. Here, we proposed a de novo addiction to oncogenic signalling (Dead-On) concept, wherein specific blockade of target molecules forces cancer cells to develop dependency on an oncogenic signalling.

Establishment and characterization of NCC-ssRMS2-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma.

Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (ssRMS) is a rare subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) that has fascicular spindle cell and/or sclerosing morphology. SsRMS has a diverse molecular background and is categorized into three groups: congenital/infantile ssRMS with a gene fusion involving the NCOA2 and VGLL2, ssRMS with the MYOD1 mutation, and ssRMS with no recurrent identifiable genetic alterations. Because ssRMS is a newly defined disease concept of RMS, the optimal treatment methods have not been determined.

Establishment and characterization of NCC-MFS3-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of myxofibrosarcoma.

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is one of the most aggressive sarcomas with highly complex karyotypes and genomic profiles. Although a complete resection is required in the treatment of MFS, it is often not achieved due to its strong invasive nature. Additionally, MFS is refractory to conventional chemotherapy, leading to poor prognosis.

Establishment and characterization of NCC-DDLPS3-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a highly malignant subtype of liposarcoma, with characteristic amplification of MDM2 and CDK4 (12q14-15). It is caused by the dedifferentiation of well-differentiated liposarcoma. DDLPS is refractory to conventional chemotherapy; thus, surgical resection is the primary treatment modality.

Establishment and characterization of NCC-SS4-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of synovial sarcoma.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is defined as a monomorphic blue spindle cell sarcoma showing variable epithelial differentiation, and is characterized by a specific fusion gene, SS18-SSX. Although SS is rare, it accounts for approximately 8% of all soft tissue sarcomas, which occupies a significant proportion of soft tissue tumors. The prognosis of SS is unfavorable, with 5-year survival rate of 50-60%, and only a few anti-cancer agents are recommended for its treatment.

Delivery of miR-424-5p via Extracellular Vesicles Promotes the Apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 TNBC Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) overexpressed on cancer cells has emerged as a key inhibitor that maintains the immunosuppressive microenvironment through its interaction with the PD-1 receptor in cancer. Here, we demonstrated that miR-424-5p delivery via extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose tissue-mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) partly promotes proinflammation and enhances antitumor cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits increased expression of , and is positively correlated with the overall survival of patients with TNBC.

Pharmacological blockage of transforming growth factor-β signalling by a Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase inhibitor, NCB-0846.

Background: Metastasis is the primary cause of death in cancer patients, and its management is still a major challenge. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the process of cancer metastasis, and its pharmacological interference holds therapeutic promise.

Methods: Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) functions as a transcriptional coregulator of Wnt target genes.

Establishment and characterization of NCC-DDLPS1-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of dedifferentiated liposarcoma.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is one of the four subtypes of liposarcomas; it is characterized by the amplification of the 12q13-15 region, which includes MDM2 and CDK4 genes. DDLPS has an extremely high local recurrence rate and is refractory to chemotherapy and radiation, which leads to poor prognosis. Therefore, a novel therapeutic strategy should be urgently established for improving the prognosis of DDLPS.

Long non-coding NR2F1-AS1 is associated with tumor recurrence in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.

The tenacity of late recurrence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer remains a major clinical issue to overcome. The administration of endocrine therapies within the first 5 years substantially minimizes the risk of relapse; however, some tumors reappear 10-20 years after the initial diagnosis. Accumulating evidence has strengthened the notion that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with cancer in various respects.

Highly Sensitive Circulating MicroRNA Panel for Accurate Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Liver Disease.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The high mortality rate in HCC is largely due to the difficulty of early detection. In this study, to improve patient outcomes, serum samples from 345 patients with HCC, 46 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 93 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 1,033 healthy individuals were analyzed with microRNA (miRNA) microarrays.

MicroRNA-124a inhibits endoderm lineage commitment by targeting Sox17 and Gata6 in mouse embryonic stem cells.

The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during mouse early development, especially in endoderm germ layer formation, is largely unknown. Here, via miRNA profiling during endoderm differentiation, we discovered that miR-124a negatively regulates endoderm lineage commitment in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). To further investigate the functional role of miR-124a in early stages of differentiation, transfection of embryoid bodies with miR-124a mimic was performed.

Development and Validation of an Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detection Model by Large-Scale MicroRNA Profiling.

Importance: Patients with late-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have a poor prognosis. Noninvasive screening tests using serum microRNAs (miRNAs) to accurately detect early-stage ESCC are needed to improve mortality.

Objective: To establish a model using serum miRNAs to distinguish patients with ESCC from noncancer controls.

Emerging roles of long non-coding RNA in cancer.

Since comprehensive analysis of the mammalian genome revealed that the majority of genomic products are transcribed in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), increasing attention has been paid to these transcripts. The applied next-generation sequencing technologies have provided accumulating evidence of dysregulated lncRNA in cancer. The implication of this finding can be seen in many forms and at multiple levels.

Malignant extracellular vesicles carrying MMP1 mRNA facilitate peritoneal dissemination in ovarian cancer.

Advanced ovarian cancers are highly metastatic due to frequent peritoneal dissemination, resulting in dismal prognosis. Here we report the functions of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are emerging as important mediators of tumour metastasis. The EVs from highly metastatic cells strongly induce metastatic behaviour in moderately metastatic tumours.

Disruption of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy against Cancer Metastasis.

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer mortality for many types of cancer; however, difficulties remain in effectively preventing metastasis. It has been recently and widely reported that cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to cancer metastasis. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting cancer-derived EVs hold great promise because of the possibility of EVs driving the cancer microenvironment toward metastasis.

miR-125b and miR-100 Are Predictive Biomarkers of Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy in bone. Patients who respond poorly to induction chemotherapy are at higher risk of adverse prognosis. The molecular basis for such poor prognosis remains unclear.