infection facilitates the development of endometriosis through the phenotypic transition of endometrial fibroblasts.

Retrograde menstruation is a widely accepted cause of endometriosis. However, not all women who experience retrograde menstruation develop endometriosis, and the mechanisms underlying these observations are not yet understood. Here, we demonstrated a pathogenic role of in the formation of ovarian endometriosis.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Thyroid Diseases.

Introduction: Overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are associated with pregnancy complications; however, most women with these conditions are diagnosed before conception and are under treatment during pregnancy, especially in high-income countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate pregnancy complications among these women.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, and data on pregnant women who gave birth to a singleton at Nagoya University Hospital in Japan in 2005-2014 was collected.

Significance of platinum distribution to predict platinum resistance in ovarian cancer after platinum treatment in neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Most patients with ovarian cancer experience recurrence and develop resistance to platinum-based agents. The diagnosis of platinum resistance based on the platinum-free interval is not always accurate and timely in clinical settings. Herein, we used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to visualize the platinum distribution in the ovarian cancer tissues at the time of interval debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 27patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Upregulation of ENDOU in cytotrophoblasts from placenta complicated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.

Placental hypoplasia is associated with the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. The placenta consists of differentiated trophoblasts, including cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and extravillous trophoblasts. Cytotrophoblasts are thought to have stem-like characteristics and the ability to differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts.

Adjuvant taxane plus platinum chemotherapy for stage I ovarian clear cell carcinoma with complete surgical staging: are more than three cycles necessary?

Background: Previous studies on adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) have included a limited number of Asian patients with surgical stage I OCCC, despite differences in OCCC survival by race and stage. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival effect of the number of cycles of adjuvant taxane plus carboplatin chemotherapy in Asian patients with surgical stage I OCCC.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 227 patients with surgical stage I OCCC at 14 institutions from 1995 to 2017.

Heat Shock Protein 105 as an Immunotherapeutic Target for Patients With Cervical Cancer.

Background/aim: Heat shock protein 105 (HSP105) is overexpressed in various cancers, but not in normal tissues. We investigated the expression levels of HSP105 in cervical cancer and the efficacy of immunotherapy targeting HSP105.

Materials And Methods: Previously, we established human leukocyte antigen-A*02:01 (HLA-A2) restricted HSP105 peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones from a colorectal cancer patient vaccinated with an HSP105 peptide.

The importance of choosing the right strategy to treat small cell carcinoma of the cervix: a comparative analysis of treatments.

Background: Standard treatments for small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) have not been established. In this study, we aimed to estimate the optimal treatment strategy for SCCC.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study.

Current Issues within the Perinatal Mental Health Care System in Aichi Prefecture, Japan: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey.

Mental illnesses commonly occur in the reproductive age. This study aimed to identify the issues that exist within the perinatal mental health care system. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Aichi Prefecture in central Japan.

Assessment of myocardial performance index in late-onset fetal growth restriction.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the myocardial performance index (MPI) is increased in fetal growth restriction (FGR) fetuses and if increased MPI is related to adverse outcomes of FGR. This is a prospective cross-sectional study. Seventy-three late-onset FGR fetuses and 97 gestational-age matched control fetuses were enrolled in this study.

Cancer Treatments Using Low-Temperature Plasma.

Low-temperature plasma (LTP) is a partially ionized gas that contains electrons, ions, radicals, light, etc. Recently, the bio-medical application of LTP has become a hot topic in plasma science and biological science. Cancer treatment with plasma is the most challenging topic in plasma bio-medical applications.

Next-generation genome sequencing of a matched normal-tumor pair from a patient with intractable gestational choriocarcinoma: A case report.

Gestational choriocarcinoma is a gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) originating from trophoblastic cells with abnormal proliferation. Although chemotherapy is effective for treating this cancer, when patients develop chemoresistance, personalized treatment, such as the use of drugs matching their genomes, is required. The present report describes a case of intractable gestational choriocarcinoma identified using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based tumor panel.

Core 2 β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases accelerate the escape of choriocarcinoma from natural killer cell immunity.

Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (H-hCG) is secreted from choriocarcinoma and contains a core2 -glycan formed by core2 β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (C2GnT). Choriocarcinoma is considered immunogenic as it is gestational and contains paternal chromosomal components. Here we examined the function of C2GnT in the evasion of choriocarcinoma cells from natural killer (NK) cell-mediating killing.

Extracellular miRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers for Glypican-3-Derived Peptide Vaccine Therapy Response in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) has been treated with surgery and chemotherapy; however, the prognosis remains poor because of chemoresistance. Therefore, immunotherapies are attracting attention, including the GPC3 peptide vaccine, which improves overall survival. However, the response rate is limited and there are no sufficient predictive biomarkers that can identify responders before treatment.

Vitamin D improves pulmonary function in a rat model for congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

A congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an anomaly caused by defects in the diaphragm; the resulting limited thorax cavity in turn restricts lung growth (pulmonary hypoplasia). This condition is related to pulmonary hypertension. Despite advances in neonatal CDH therapy, the mortality for severe pulmonary hypoplasia remains high.

Mortality and neurological outcomes in extremely and very preterm infants born to mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

To evaluate the impact of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on mortality and neurological outcomes in extremely and very preterm infants using a nationwide neonatal database in Japan. This population-based retrospective study was based on an analysis of data collected by the Neonatal Research Network of Japan from 2003 to 2015 of neonates weighing 1,500 g or less at birth, between 22 and 31 weeks' gestation. A total of 21,659 infants were randomly divided into two groups, HDP (n = 4,584) and non-HDP (n = 4,584), at a ratio of 1:1 after stratification by four factors including maternal age, parity, weeks of gestation, and year of delivery.

Reduced response to controlled ovarian stimulation after radical trachelectomy: A pitfall of fertility-sparing surgery for cervical cancer.

Objective: To clarify the decrease in response to controlled ovarian stimulation in patients who receive in vitro fertilization treatment after radical trachelectomy.

Methods: The outcomes of ovarian stimulation were retrospectively evaluated and compared between patients who have undergone radical trachelectomy and control patients who had male factor infertility or unexplained infertility.

Results: A total of 30 ovarian stimulation cycles in 14 radical trachelectomy patients and 54 cycles in 30 control patients were reviewed.

Expression of the chrXq27.3 miRNA cluster in recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma and its impact on cisplatin resistance.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a histological subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer and exhibits dismal prognosis due to chemoresistance. Moreover, only few effective therapeutic options exist for patients with recurrent OCCC, and an understanding of its molecular characteristics is essential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we investigated unique MicroRNAs (miRNA) profiles in recurrent/metastatic OCCC and the role of miRNAs in cisplatin resistance.

Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor-Dependent Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule Activation Promotes Peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of death due to its high metastasis rate to the peritoneum. Recurrent peritoneal tumors also develop despite the use of conventional platinum-based chemotherapies. Therefore, it is still important to explore the factors associated with peritoneal metastasis, as these predict the prognosis of patients with OvCa.

Establishment of a patient-derived xenograft model and cell line of malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.

Aim: Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma (MTMCT) of the ovary is a rare gynecological malignancy and commonly arises in women older than 50 years of age. The most common histological type of MTMCT is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and the prognosis is extremely poor. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are promising animal models for preclinical drug screening.

Establishment and characterization of cell lines from human endometrial epithelial and mesenchymal cells from patients with endometriosis.

Objective: To establish and characterize cell lines derived from human endometrial epithelial cells (ECs) and mesenchymal cells (MCs) from patients with and without endometriosis.

Design: In vitro experimental study.

Setting: University and national cancer center research institute.

A uterine pseudotumor of immunoglobulin G4-related disease.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by systemic lesions presenting as swellings, nodules and wall thickenings. The first-line therapy is glucocorticoids. This disease is common among middle-aged and elderly men, and its uterine mass formation is uncommon.

Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid and LED photodynamic therapy in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A clinical trial.

Background: 5-Aminolaevulinic acid (5ALA) is a precursor of the strong sensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the heme synthesis pathway. We conducted aclinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5ALA photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a light-emitting diode (LED) in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Methods: Data for 51 CIN patients who underwent 5ALA-PDT between 2012 and 2017 were prospectively analysed.

Novel ovarian endometriosis model causes infertility via iron-mediated oxidative stress in mice.

Ovarian endometriosis (OE) provides women of reproductive age with not only severe menstrual pain but also infertility and an increased risk for ovarian carcinogenesis. Whereas peritoneal endometriosis models have been developed with syngeneic implantation of minced uterine tissue and oncogenic K-ras allele with conditional Pten deletion within ovarian surface epithelium generated preneoplastic endometrial glandular morphology, followed by endometrioid adenocarcinoma, there has been no mouse model of OE similar to human counterparts, applicable to preclinical studies. Here we for the first time established a murine OE model that reveals infertility, and evaluated the involvement of iron catalyzed oxidative stress in the pathogenesis.