Genotype-relevant neuroimaging features in low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors.

Introduction: Low-grade epilepsy-associated tumors are the second most common histopathological diagnoses in cases of drug-resistant focal epilepsy. However, the connection between neuroimaging features and genetic alterations in these tumors is unclear, prompting an investigation into genotype-relevant neuroimaging characteristics.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed neuroimaging and surgical specimens from 46 epilepsy patients with low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors that had genetic mutations identified through panel sequencing to investigate their relationship to genotypes.

Multimodal imaging analyses in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with or without visual disturbance.

Background And Purpose: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a demyelinating and inflammatory affliction that often leads to visual disturbance. Various imaging techniques, including free-water imaging, have been used to determine neuroinflammation and degeneration. Therefore, this study aimed at determining multimodal imaging differences between patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, especially those with visual disturbance, and healthy controls.

Myeloid sarcoma and pathological fracture: a case report and review of literature.

Myeloid sarcoma is a rare clinical entity that presents as an isolated proliferation of leukemic cells, concurrently with or at relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Myeloid sarcoma disrupts the normal architecture of its surrounding tissues. When it forms in long bones, it can cause their pathological fracture.

White and Gray Matter Abnormality in Burning Mouth Syndrome Evaluated with Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging.

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined by a burning sensation or pain in the tongue or other oral sites despite the presence of normal mucosa on inspection. Both psychiatric and neuroimaging investigations have examined BMS; however, there have been no analyses using the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model, which provides detailed information of intra- and extracellular microstructures. Therefore, we performed voxel-wise analyses using both NODDI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) models and compared the results to better comprehend the pathology of BMS.

A case of intravascular lymphoma presenting with a lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum.

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is difficult to diagnose because its clinical presentation and laboratory and imaging findings are nonspecific. Herein, we report a case of IVL presenting as a lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. A 52-year-old man attended the emergency department with a 2-week history of progressively worsening abnormal behavior and gait disturbance.

Duration and Influencing Factors of Postoperative Urinary Incontinence after Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in a Japanese Community Hospital: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Post-operative urinary incontinence (PUI) after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is an important complication; PUI occurs immediately after postoperative urethral catheter removal, and, although approximately 90% of patients improve within one year after surgery, it can significantly worsen their quality of life. However, information is lacking on its nature in community hospital settings, particularly in Asian countries. The purposes of this study were to investigate the time required to recover from PUI after RARP and to identify its associated factors in a Japanese community hospital.

Computer-aided detection improves brain metastasis identification on non-enhanced CT in less experienced radiologists.

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors causing neurological complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of computer-aided detection (CAD) on the performance of observers in detecting BMs on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT).

Material And Methods: Three less experienced and three experienced radiologists interpreted 30 NECT scans with 89 BMs in 25 cases to detect BMs with and without the assistance of CAD.

Effect of high-dose delivery on the attachment of meningiomas in Gamma Knife surgery: a retrospective study.

Background: Meningiomas have vascular supply from the tumor attachment on the dura mater. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) is known to have a vascular obliterating effect. This study aims to determine the benefits of high-dose irradiation to the tumor attachment compared to conventional dose planning in the long-term control of tumor growth with GKS.

Dual atrioventricular nodal non-reentrant tachycardia: Various atrioventricular conduction responses to atrioventricular simultaneous pacing.

Background: Specific pacing methods to unmask the existence of the dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathway in patients with dual AV nodal non-reentrant tachycardia remain to be established.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the electrophysiological characteristics of dual AV nodal non-reentrant tachycardia by its responses to specific pacing methods.

Methods: Five patients diagnosed as having dual AV nodal non-reentrant tachycardia were retrospectively investigated.

Traumatic facial nerve injury: A case of facial nerve avulsion at the cerebellopontine angle.

Post-traumatic facial nerve paralysis is a common disease, but intracranial facial nerve injury after blunt injury has rarely been reported. We report a case of facial nerve avulsion at the cerebellopontine angle. A 23-year-old female with incomplete right-sided facial nerve palsy and facial spasms presented to our hospital.

Single-subject gray matter networks in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated structural brain network abnormalities in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using cortical thickness or gray matter (GM) volume. However, no studies have applied single-subject GM network analysis. Here, we first applied an analysis of similarity-based single-subject GM networks to individual patients with TLE.

Structural connectivity changes in the cerebral pain matrix in burning mouth syndrome: a multi-shell, multi-tissue-constrained spherical deconvolution model analysis.

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic intraoral pain syndrome. Previous studies have attempted to determine the brain connectivity features in BMS using functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. However, no study has investigated the structural connectivity using multi-shell, multi-tissue-constrained spherical deconvolution (MSMT-CSD), anatomically constrained tractography (ACT), and spherical deconvolution informed filtering of tractograms (SIFT).

Voxel-based correlation of F-THK5351 accumulation with gray matter structural networks in cognitively normal older adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate tau-related structural network metrics derived from gray matter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in cognitively normal (CN) older adults.

Methods: We recruited 47 amyloid-negative CN older adults (mean age ± standard deviation, 65.0 ± 7.

Gray matter structural networks related to F-THK5351 retention in cognitively normal older adults and Alzheimer's disease patients.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the alterations in gray matter networks related to tau retention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and cognitively normal (CN) older individuals.

Methods: Eighteen amyloid-positive AD patients and 30 age- and sex-matched amyloid-negative CN controls were enrolled. All underwent 3D T1-weighted MRI, amyloid positron-emission tomography imaging (PET) with C-Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB), and tau PET with F-THK5351.

The cerebellar white matter lesions in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy.

Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG nucleotide repeat expansion in atrophin 1. A previous report described cerebellar white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in elderly-onset DRPLA patients, but this finding has not been fully investigated in a total population of DRPLA patients, including juvenile or early-adult onset patients. Herein, we attempted to determine the frequency, distribution pattern, and features of the cerebellar white matter lesions in 30 consecutive DRPLA patients.

Altered Structural Brain Networks Related to Adrenergic/Muscarinic Receptor Autoantibodies in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Recent studies suggest that the autoantibodies against adrenergic/muscarinic receptors might be one of the causes and potential markers of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural network changes related to autoantibody titers against adrenergic/muscarinic receptors in ME/CFS by performing a single-subject gray matter similarity-based structural network analysis.

Methods: We prospectively examined 89 consecutive right-handed ME/CFS patients who underwent both brain MRI including 3D T1-wighted images and a blood analysis of autoantibodies titers against β1 adrenergic receptor (β1 AdR-Ab), β2 AdR-Ab, M3 acetylcholine receptor (M3 AchR-Ab), and M4 AchR-Ab.

Serial MRI alterations of pediatric patients with beta-propeller protein associated neurodegeneration (BPAN).

Background And Purpose: Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is one subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. It is difficult to diagnose BPAN due to the non-specificity of their clinical findings and neuroimaging in early childhood. We experienced four pediatric patients with serial brain MRI and evaluated the alteration of the findings through their course.

Delineation of the nerve fiber bundles of the infant brain associated with aging using phase difference-enhanced imaging: a preliminary study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the delineation of nerve fiber bundles in the brainstem and optic radiation in infants associated with aging on T1WI, T2WI, and phase difference-enhanced (PADRE) images.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 21 consecutive subjects < 2 years old who underwent brain MRI without abnormal imaging findings. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the eight nerve fiber bundles in the brainstem and optic radiation using a 3-point scale focused on the contrast to surrounding brain parenchyma.

Chorea-acanthocytosis: Time-dependent changes of symptoms and imaging findings.

Background And Purpose: Chorea-acanthocytosis, a rare neurodegenerative disease, affects both the striatum and the medial temporal lobe which may cause involuntary movements and epilepsy, respectively. We examined the imaging changes of the hippocampus/amygdala and the striatum as well as clinical symptoms.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 MRI and 13 SPECT studies and the clinical findings of seven genetically confirmed chorea-acanthocytosis patients.

Altered MR imaging findings in a Japanese female child with PRUNE1-related disorder.

Autosomal recessive PRUNE1 mutations on chromosome 1q21.3 are reported to cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain malformations. Here, we report a Japanese case with a reported PRUNE1 mutation whose brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed specific imaging findings that have not been reported before.

Quantifying iron deposition in the cerebellar subtype of multiple system atrophy and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 by quantitative susceptibility mapping.

We used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to assess the brain iron deposition in 28 patients with the cerebellar subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA-C), nine patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6), and 23 healthy controls. Two reviewers independently measured the mean QSM values in brain structures including the putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, and cerebellar dentate nucleus. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic usefulness of the QSM measurements.