Calculated estimation of the metabolic clearance rate of insulin measured by glucose clamp examination in out-patient clinical practice.

Purpose: A subpopulation of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have elevated insulin clearance (IC) exists. We tested our hypothesis that it is possible to estimate IC using common and simple test results collected in routine clinical practice.

Methods: We recruited patients with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve T2DM and measured the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) determined by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp examination.

High frequency of defecation under metformin use may be a potential glucose-lowering factor independent of the dose-dependent effect of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective Our previous study indicated that the efficacy of metformin in lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels may be influenced by the pretreatment frequency of defecation (FD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to further examine how FD and the metformin dose may affect HbA1c changes (ΔHbA1c) in T2DM patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on inpatients who received antidiabetic treatment without altering dosages for six months post-discharge, except for minor insulin adjustments.

Reduced Number of Remaining or Healthy Teeth in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study Assessed by Dentists or Dental Hygienists in Japan.

Objective This study assessed the relationships between oral health (number of remaining and healthy teeth and periodontal disease) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to contribute to improved patient care. Patients We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study of consecutive patients being regularly treated for chronic diseases (T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). A dentist or dental hygienist accurately evaluated the oral environment.

Potential Identification of Type 2 Diabetes with Elevated Insulin Clearance.

BACKGROUND: Decreased blood insulin concentrations resulting from reduced pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion and elevated insulin clearance (IC) could be involved in impaired glucose metabolism in diabetes. Recently, we reported a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had decreased blood insulin concentrations and elevated IC. METHODS: For this study, we recruited patients with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve T2DM and measured the metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) determined by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp examination.

Body Muscle-to-Fat Ratio, Rather Than Fat-to-Muscle Ratio, Significantly Correlates With Measured Insulin Resistance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) assessment is important in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We thus compared body muscle-to-fat ratio (BMFR) and fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR) values against M/I values as clinical index of IR.

Methods: Subject included 118 untreated T2DM patients.

Initial Acute Decline in Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate After Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Renal function deterioration accompanied by an acute decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was observed early after starting sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy. It is unclear how much and how frequently the initial acute decline in eGFR (IAD-eGFR) would occur after SGLT2i administration, and the effects of IAD-eGFR on subsequent renal function are unknown in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We retrospectively recruited T2DM patients with CKD (stage 3b; 30 ≤ eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.

Characteristics of nephropathy in severely obese Japanese patients complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of kidney disease in severely obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of severely obese patients (body mass index ≥35 kg/m) with T2DM treated at Jinnouchi Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.

Results: A total of 3128 T2DM patients visited the hospital during the survey period, of whom 55 patients (1.

Elevation of the renal threshold for glucose is associated with insulin resistance and higher glycated hemoglobin levels.

Aims/introduction: The renal threshold for glucose (RTg) corresponds to a blood glucose level of ~180 mg/dL; however, in hospitals, patients are often encountered who are hyperglycemic, but urine glucose test strip-negative, who remain negative for urine glucose even at blood glucose concentrations >180 mg/dL, implying a high RTg value. In this study, we aimed to identify factors determining high RTg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: We estimated RTg (eRTg) using urinalysis data from 67 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for whom the glucose infusion rate (GIR) was determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.

Body muscle-to-fat ratio gender-specific cut-off values for impaired insulin sensitivity in patients with treatment-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: We previously reported that the body muscle-to-fat ratio (BMFR), measured using bioelectrical impedance, significantly correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity. We examined BMFR gender-specific cut-off values for impaired insulin sensitivity in treatment-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: Subjects included 101 untreated T2DM patients (male, 66; female, 35).

Renoprotective Effects of Additional SGLT2 inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3b-4: A Real World Report From A Japanese Specialized Diabetes Care Center.

Background: Large randomized clinical trials of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and at high risk for cardiovascular disease revealed that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors significantly reduced renal events. However, the trials included small numbers of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors remain unknown in T2DM patients complicated with impaired renal function.

Clinical usefulness of the body muscle-to-fat ratio for screening obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To investigate whether body composition measures can be used for screening obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suspected of having OSAS.

Methods: Subjects were 186 hospital inpatients with inadequately controlled T2DM. We measured the respiratory disturbance index (RDI) as an indicator of OSAS using a sheet-type breath detection monitor, defining OSAS as an RDI ≥ 19 events/hour.

Dapagliflozin significantly reduced liver fat accumulation associated with a decrease in abdominal subcutaneous fat in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: We examined dapagliflozin-induced changes in liver fat accumulation.

Methods: We prospectively recruited Japanese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >7.0%].

Smoking Cessation Ameliorates Microalbuminuria With Reduction of Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate in Patients With Already Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Smoking cessation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients is reported to be associated with amelioration of metabolic parameters and blood pressure (BP), and the reduction of microalbuminuria. The aim of this study is to demonstrate changes in BP, pulse rate (PR), and microalbuminuria in already diagnosed diabetes patients who quit smoking.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated diabetes outpatients who were habitual smokers, and who visited to our smoking cessation clinic.

Impact of Dapagliflozin Therapy on Renal Protection and Kidney Morphology in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: We examined whether the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin can improve urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) associated with a reduction in body weight or body fat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We prospectively recruited T2DM patients having inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 7.0%) not on SGLT2i therapy.

The SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Significantly Improves the Peripheral Microvascular Endothelial Function in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events and decrease the body fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined whether or not the SGLT2-inhibitor dapagliflozin can improve the endothelial function associated with a reduction in abdominal fat mass. Methods We prospectively recruited patients with uncontrolled [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) >7.

Ratio of muscle mass to fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis is significantly correlated with liver fat accumulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation are important conditions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to determine whether bioelectrical impedance body composition analysis combined with blood test results could estimate liver ectopic fat accumulation in patients with treatment-naïve T2DM.

Methods: Subjects were 119 untreated T2DM patients.

Dapagliflozin Reduces Fat Mass without Affecting Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy has been demonstrated to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight and fat mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, our aim was to investigate the effects of SGLT2i dapagliflozin-treatment on body muscle mass and muscle fat content in patients with T2DM.

Methods: We prospectively recruited uncontrolled (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ＞7%) Japanese T2DM patients who had a body mass index (BMI) ＜35 kg/m.

Clinical Factors Associated with Initial Decrease in Body-Fat Percentage Induced by Add-on Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background And Objective: Obesity is globally recognized as an important clinical problem and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are considered a suitable therapy for obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the clinical factors associated with initial decrease in body-fat percentage (Fat %) induced by SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients newly treated with SGLT2 inhibitors in addition to ongoing medications at Jinnouchi Hospital between April 2014 and December 2015.

Correlation of body muscle/fat ratio with insulin sensitivity using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in treatment-naïve type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Fat deposition and obesity are crucial pathological components of diabetes mellitus (DM). In clinical practice, assessment of insulin resistance is important. We hypothesized that body muscle and fat composition might be a key factor for insulin resistance in patients with type 2 DM.

Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, increased insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp examination in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog promotes insulin secretion by acting on pancreatic β-cells. This antihyperglycemic treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has attracted increased clinical attention not only for its antihyperglycemic action but also for its potential extrapancreatic effects. We investigated whether liraglutide, a GLP-1 analog, could enhance insulin sensitivity as assessed by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in type 2 DM patients.

A pilot study of ezetimibe vs. atorvastatin for improving peripheral microvascular endothelial function in stable patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Elevated cholesterol in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause endothelial dysfunction. An effective clinical therapy to improve endothelial dysfunction remains to be established. Different cardiovascular actions between treatments for the inhibition of cholesterol absorption and the suppression of cholesterol synthesis for achieving improvement in endothelial function are unknown in DM.

[Determination of residual pesticides in processed foods manufactured from livestock foods and seafoods using ion trap GC/MS].

A simultaneous method using iontrap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for the determination of pesticide residues in four processed foods (frozen Chinese dumpling, eel kabayaki, corned beef and retort curry). Pesticide residues were extracted from samples with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (1:1) in the presence of anhydrous sodium sulfate. The extract was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in n-hexane.

[Detection of wheat as an allergenic substance in models of processed foods by a nested PCR methods].

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for verifying the allergen labeling of foods (i.e., the presence of wheat, buckwheat, or peanut) was adopted as the official Japanese identification test by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan in 2002.

[Detection of wheat as an allergenic substance in food by a nested PCR method].

A nested PCR method was developed for the detection of DNAs extracted from allergenic substances (here, wheat) in food. Because of DNA fragmentation, detection of wheat-specific DNA extracted from food, such as retort pouch food, is very difficult. Therefore, to improve the sensitivity of detection, a nested PCR primer pair (Wtr01NE2-5' and Wtr10NE5-3': amplicon size 97 bp) was newly designed within the region of the PCR products amplified by the official Japanese primer pair (Wtr01-5' and Wtr10-3'; amplicon size 141 bp) for wheat.