A nationwide cross-sectional study on congenital heart diseases and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing among Japanese Down's syndrome people.

Objective: It is well known that people with Down's syndrome (DS) frequently complicate with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Patients with heart diseases often have sleep-disordered breathing as a co-morbidity (SDB) which worsens the heart diseases. However, the relationship between SDB and CHDs in DS people has not yet been fully elucidated.

Water adsorption-desorption isotherms of two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous silica around freezing point.

Zr-doped mesoporous silica with a diameter of approximately 3.8 nm was synthesized via an evaporation-induced self-assembly process, and the adsorption-desorption isotherms of water vapor were measured in the temperature range of 263-298 K. The measured adsorption-desorption isotherms below 273 K indicated that water confined in the mesopores did not freeze at any relative pressure.

Structural and material changes in the aging thorax and their role in crash protection for older occupants.

The human body undergoes a variety of changes as it ages through adulthood. These include both morphological (structural) changes (e.g.

Material properties of human rib cortical bone from dynamic tension coupon testing.

The purpose of this study was to develop material properties of human rib cortical bone using dynamic tension coupon testing. This study presents 117 human rib cortical bone coupon tests from six cadavers, three male and three female, ranging in age from 18 to 67 years old. The rib sections were taken from the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions on ribs 1 through 12 of each cadaver's rib cage.

Defining regional variation in the material properties of human rib cortical bone and its effect on fracture prediction.

This paper presents the results of dynamic material tests and computational modeling that elucidate the effects of regional rib mechanical properties on thoracic fracture patterns. First, a total of 80 experiments were performed using small cortical bone samples from 23 separate locations on the rib cages of four cadavers (2 male, 2 female). Each specimen was subjected to dynamic three-point bending resulting in an average strain rate of 5 +/- 1.

Biomechanical response of the lumbar spine in dynamic compression.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties of the human lumbar spine subjected to dynamic compression. A series of six experiments using the lumbar spines from four human cadavers was performed. The first two tests utilized the entire lumbar spine while the remaining four tests used lumbar functional joints to separate the differences in stability.

Biomechanical response of the human clavicle subjected to dynamic bending.

The purpose of this study was to determine the biomechanical response of human clavicles when subjected to dynamic three-point bending. A total of 10 human cadaver clavicles were tested at an anatomical impact of 0 degrees relative to the transverse plane. Each clavicle was instrumented with a strain gage located under the impactor.

Acquiring non-censored rib fracture data during dynamic belt loading.

The purpose of this paper is to present a method to determine the exact timing of all rib fractures during dynamic belt loading tests on the thorax of human cadavers. In order to generate non-censored rib fracture data, a total of 47 strain gages were placed throughout the thorax of two human cadavers (1 male, 1 female). In order to simulate thoracic loading from a severe car crash, a table-top belt loading device was developed that utilizes a servo-hydraulic test machine to apply a dynamic input.

On the fatal crash experience of older drivers.

This study describes the fatal crash experiences of older drivers. Data from two U.S.

Regional variation in the structural response and geometrical properties of human ribs.

By incorporating material and geometrical properties into a model of the human thorax one can develop an injury criterion that is a function of stress and strain of the material and not a function of the global response of the thorax. Previous research on the mechanical properties of ribs has focused on a limited set of specific ribs. For this study a total of 52 rib specimens were removed from four cadaver subjects.