How i do it: full-endoscopic transsacral approach for the treatment of extraforaminal L5/S1 disc herniation.

Background: For L5/S1 extraforaminal disc herniation, how to efficiently expose the herniated nucleus pulposus and reduce facet joint damage remain to be explored.

Methods: Lumbar discectomy was performed using a full-endoscopic transsacral approach, in which sacral ala and extraforaminal ligament were partially resected to expose the L5/S1 intervertebral disc. Methylene blue was used for disc staining, and the herniated nucleus pulposus was excised through the annular tear.

How I do it: dual operation channels percutaneous endoscopic far-lateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

Background: The current surgical procedure of interbody fusion in the lumbar spine has several limitations including low efficiency, potential endplate damage, overdose radiation exposure, and failure of fusion.

Methods: Through the endoscopic operating channel, we efficiently removed the superior and inferior articular processes and decompressed the ligamentum flavum. Another operating channel was established under endoscopic monitoring to excise the annulus fibrosus, remove the cartilaginous endplate using open instruments, perform interbody bone grafting, and place a non-expandable polyetheretherketone open surgical fusion cage.

Infectious bursal disease virus replication is inhibited by avain T cell chemoattractant chemokine CCL19.

Chemokine CCL19, together with its receptor CCR7, is one of the most important factors recruiting immune cells into target organ during virus infection. Our previous study has shown that CCL19 played a vital role in the process of T cell trafficking into bursae during bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection. In this study, we hypothesized that CCL19 could exert direct influences on IBDV replication other than recruiting immune cells.