Utility of the Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test and Needle EMG in the Trapezius Muscle for the Early Diagnosis of ALS.

Objectives: To document the utility of decremental responses in the repetitive nerve stimulation test (RNS) and spontaneous activities in needle electromyography (EMG) in the trapezius muscle for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Methods: Subjects were retrospectively identified from our EMG database. Cervical spondylosis was represented as a disease control group.

"Burnt-out" progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a fatal disease caused by John Cunningham virus (JCV) infection; however, a growing number of PML patients now survive longer and achieve remission, largely due to the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy. Several reports have suggested that the pathology in such patients presents only chronic demyelination without characteristic cellular changes, being referred to as "burnt-out" PML. On the other hand, our knowledge of "burnt-out" PML is still substantially limited, especially in patients with non-human immunodeficiency virus infection.

[A case of transient global amnesia associated with painless myocardial infarction].

A 66-year-old woman with a history of hypertension complained about sudden short-term memory loss. On arrival to our outpatient clinic, she was alert and oriented and did not have chest pain or shortness of breath. Neurological and neuropsychological examinations were within normal limits.

Rotatory Vertigo Caused by a Small Hemorrhage in the Superior Temporal Gyrus.

Rotatory vertigo is known to have not only peripheral causes, e.g., Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, but also central causes, e.

Characterization of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and History of Neurosurgery to Identify Potential Iatrogenic Cases.

We previously reported a phenotype of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), CJD-MMiK, that could help identify iatrogenic CJD. To find cases mimicking CJD-MMiK, we investigated clinical features and pathology of 1,155 patients with diagnosed sporadic CJD or unclassified CJD with and without history of neurosurgery. Patients with history of neurosurgery more frequently had an absence of periodic sharp-wave complexes on electroencephalogram than patients without a history of neurosurgery.

[A case of acute leukoencephalopathy induced by a combination of 5-fluorouracil and metronidazole].

We describe a 66-year-old woman who received folinic acid, leucovorin, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin for advanced rectal carcinoma. These drugs were initiated on day 1, and a pelvic abscess was identified on day 7. Piperacillin-tazobactam was initially administered, but was changed to ceftriaxone and metronidazole on day 14 on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

[A case of primary central nervous system anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma manifested as a unilateral pachymeningits].

There have been 23 reports of primary central nervous system anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma in the literature. Here we report the 24th case of a 40-year-old man who presented with occipital headache for one month. His contrast-enhanced brain MRI showed enhancement around the right temporal lobe, which suggested a diagnosis of hypertrophic pachymeningitis.

[Mononeuritis multiplex due to thrombotic ischemia of primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome without vasculitis: an autopsy case report].

The patient was a 78-year-old man. Three years before admission, he developed transient peripheral neuropathy and purpura, and at admission, he presented with livedo reticularis of both his lower extremities and with mononeuritis multiplex. Vasculitis was not observed, and antiphospholipid antibodies were detected.

[Small cerebellar vascular lesion can produce isolated conjugate deviation of the eyes].

The cerebellum has almost never been considered responsible for conjugate deviation of the eyes (CDE). A few cases of CDE caused by cerebellar lesions without the involvement of the brainstem have been reported, but the lesions were too large to evaluate their localization in the cerebellum. In this report, we describe 2 cases of isolated CDE caused by small cerebellar vascular lesions and a case of CDE and staggering gait that occurred following cerebellar infarction.