[A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma of the sellar region presented with panhypopituitarism].

The patient is a 41-year-old woman. She presented with vomiting and lightheadedness, and blood tests showed a generalized decrease in pituitary hormones and hyperprolactinemia. A head MRI showed increased signal intensity lesions on FLAIR image in the pituitary stalk, corpus callosum, periventricular area of the fourth ventricle, and superior cerebellar peduncle.

Carcinomatous Meningitis and Hydrocephalus in Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder With Extremely Elevated CA19-9 Levels.

This case report describes a rare and aggressive presentation of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) with carcinomatous meningitis, hydrocephalus, extensive organ involvement, and extremely elevated serum CA19-9 levels. Autopsy findings revealed that PUC of the urinary bladder origin caused carcinomatous meningitis and hydrocephalus, with exacerbation of hydrocephalus as the direct cause of death. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the bladder origin of PUC, and PUC cells were positive for CA19-9, a tumor marker commonly associated with gastrointestinal malignancies, suggesting that the markedly high serum CA19-9 level was related to the tumor-producing mechanism.

[A case of caseous calcification of mitral annulus resulting in multiple cerebral infarctions].

The patient is a 73-year-old woman. She presented with dysarthria, and a head MRI revealed multiple acute cerebral infarctions in the bilateral cerebral hemisphere and cerebellar hemisphere. Transesophageal echocardiography after admission revealed a 16 mm large mobile calcification of the mitral annulus (caseous calcification of the mitral annulus; CCMA) on the posterior apex of the mitral valve annulus.

Induction of motor neuron differentiation by transduction of Olig2 protein.

Olig2 protein, a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family, was introduced into the mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line P19 for induction of motor neuron differentiation. We show that Olig2 protein has the ability to permeate the cell membrane without the addition of a protein transduction domain (PTD), similar to other basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors such as MyoD and NeuroD2. Motor neuron differentiation was evaluated for the elongation of neurites and the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA, a differentiation marker of motor neurons.