Associations between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Behavioral Problems in Preschool Japanese Children.

Background: A few studies related to pediatric behavior have measured secondhand smoke exposure in children using valid objective biochemical markers. We aimed at investigating the associations between current and cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, measured both subjectively and objectively, and behavioral problems in children.

Methods: Subjects were 437 Japanese children, aged 3-6 years in 2006.

Intake of starch and sugars and total and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese community: the Takayama Study.

Studies on the intake of different types of carbohydrates and long-term mortality are sparse. We examined the association of starch, total and each type of sugar and free sugars with the risk of total and cause-specific mortality in a cohort of the general population in Japan. Study subjects were 29 079 residents from the Takayama Study, Japan, who responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 1992.

High Intake of Free Sugars, Fructose, and Sucrose Is Associated with Weight Gain in Japanese Men.

Background: Available evidence for associations between sugar intake and body weight is largely from short-term controlled trials and studies focusing on sugar-sweetened beverages. Studies on long-term weight change related to the intake of types of sugar are thus needed.

Objective: We examined the associations between weight change and the intake of various types of carbohydrates, including starch, total sugars, and free or naturally occurring sugars and saccharides (i.

Associations of Cell Phone Use and Screen Viewing with Overweight in Children.

Effects of using mobile devices on childhood obesity have not been well studied. We aimed to ascertain whether cell phone use and screen viewing are associated with excess body weight in a cross-sectional study of Japanese school children. Subjects were 3141 students, ages 6 to 7 years, who participated in the Hekinan Children's Study conducted during 2011-2015.

Associations between coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a Japanese city: the Takayama study.

Objective: Epidemiological studies suggest that coffee consumption is inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Evidence from studies targeting non-white, non-Western populations is still sparse, although coffee is popular and widely consumed in Asian countries.

Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study.

Dietary Soy Intake Is Inversely Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Women but Not in Men.

Background: Whole soy foods, as well as their components, including protein and isoflavones, have garnered attention because they may have beneficial effects against diabetes.

Objectives: We examined associations between the intake of soy foods, soy protein, and soy isoflavones and the risk of diabetes in the Japanese population.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 13,521 residents (5883 men and 7638 women; 35-69 y old) of Takayama City, Japan.

Number of Teeth and All-Cause and Cancer Mortality in a Japanese Community: The Takayama Study.

Background: The association between the number of teeth and mortality among community-dwelling people has been examined in many epidemiological studies. However, few Japanese studies have included cancer mortality as an endpoint. We prospectively investigated the association between number of remaining teeth and all-cause and cancer mortality in a Japanese community.

Green tea intake and colorectal cancer risk in Japan: the Takayama study.

Background: Reportedly, green tea has a preventive effect against colorectal cancer in animal models. Nevertheless, results from epidemiological studies of the association between green tea consumption and colorectal cancer have been inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate colorectal cancer risk in relation to green tea consumption in a population-based prospective cohort study.

Association between exposure to household smoking and dental caries in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.

Background: We aimed to examine the association of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke with dental caries among preschool children. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was assessed in terms of urinary cotinine concentrations and pack-years of exposure to smoking by parents and other family members at home.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 405 preschool children aged 3-6 years from two preschools in Japan in 2006.

Coffee, Green Tea, and Caffeine Intake and Liver Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study.

We aimed to investigate whether coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake are associated with liver cancer risk, using data of a prospective cohort study. This study included 30,824 participants (14,240 men and 16,584 women) aged 35 years or older in the Takayama study, which was launched on September 1, 1992. The consumption frequencies of coffee and green tea were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.

Maternal Acrylamide Intake during Pregnancy and Sex Hormone Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood and Birth Size of Offspring.

Exposure to acrylamide during pregnancy may disturb pregnancy hormones and the growth of the fetus. The present study aimed to examine the association of maternal acrylamide intake with maternal and cord sex hormone levels during pregnancy and at birth and birth size of offspring. The study subjects were 204 pregnant Japanese women and their newborn girls.

The Hekinan Children's Study: Design and Profile of Participants at Baseline.

Background: The early life environment is now recognized as a key factor contributing to susceptibility to certain diseases in later life.

Methods: We initiated a cohort study among school children in 2011 to primarily investigate the associations between lifestyle and environmental factors and some surrogate markers of chronic diseases, such as cardiometabolic risk factors (ie, obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, insulin, or lipids) and cancer risk factors (ie, height and age at menarche). A baseline questionnaire asked for information, including demographic variables, medical history and use of medication, dietary habits, physical activity, sleep habits, and behavioral and emotional problems of children.

Soy Isoflavone Intake and Bladder Cancer Risk in Japan: From the Takayama Study.

There is growing evidence suggesting that soy isoflavones play a protective role in the development of cancer. However, few epidemiological studies have investigated the association between soy isoflavone intake and bladder cancer. We evaluated the associations of soy and isoflavone intakes with bladder cancer incidence in a population-based prospective study in Japan.

Cedar Pollinosis and Mortality: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Japan.

Background: Cedar pollinosis is one of the most prevalent forms of seasonal allergic reaction in Japan. Only one prospective study has examined the association between cedar pollinosis and mortality. Using a symptom-based questionnaire on cedar pollinosis, we investigated the association of cedar pollinosis with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Associations of Acrylamide Intake With Urinary Sex Hormone Levels Among Preschool-Age Japanese Children.

Acrylamide may affect the sex hormone system in the prepubertal period. This study examined the cross-sectional associations between dietary acrylamide intake and sex hormone levels among preschool-age Japanese children. The study was conducted in 2006 among 230 boys and 198 girls aged 3-6 years in Aichi, Japan.

Meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk in Japan: The Takayama study.

Compared with the abundant data from Western countries, evidence regarding meat consumption and colorectal cancer is limited in the Japanese population. We evaluated colorectal cancer risk in relation to meat consumption in a population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Participants were 13 957 men and 16 374 women aged ≥35 years in September 1992.

Relationship of equol production between children aged 5-7 years and their mothers.

Purpose: The factors responsible for the production of isoflavone metabolites have not yet been identified. We aimed to examine the relationships of equol production between mother and child in a birth cohort in Japan.

Methods: Subjects were a part of the participants in a longitudinal study on pregnant women and their offspring.