Laser-Induced Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Flexible Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing.

The successful development of a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived Co/CoO/C core-shell composite integrated into laser-induced graphitic (LIG) carbon electrodes for electrochemical sensing is reported. The sensors are fabricated via a direct laser scribing technique using a UV laser (355 nm wavelength) to induce the photothermolysis of rationally selected ZIF-67 into the LIG matrix. Electrochemical characterization reveals that the incorporation of the laser-scribed ZIF-67-derived composite on the electrode surface reduces the impedance more than 100 times compared with bare LIG sensors.

4D-Printed Soft and Stretchable Self-Folding Cuff Electrodes for Small-Nerve Interfacing.

Peripheral nerve interfacing (PNI) has a high clinical potential for treating various diseases, such as obesity or diabetes. However, currently existing electrodes present challenges to the interfacing procedure, which limit their clinical application, in particular, when targeting small peripheral nerves (<200 µm). To improve the electrode handling and implantation, a nerve interface that can fold itself to a cuff around a small nerve, triggered by the body moisture during insertion, is fabricated.

In vivo closed-loop control of a locust's leg using nerve stimulation.

Activity of an innervated tissue can be modulated based on an acquired biomarker through feedback loops. How to convert this biomarker into a meaningful stimulation pattern is still a topic of intensive research. In this article, we present a simple closed-loop mechanism to control the mean angle of a locust's leg in real time by modulating the frequency of the stimulation on its extensor motor nerve.