Ethnoracial inequities in access to gender-affirming mental health care and psychological distress among transgender adults.

Purpose: Transgender people face known barriers to accessing mental health care generally, and gender-affirming care in particular. However, little research has been done to evaluate the impact of systemic racism on access to gender-affirming mental health care (GAMHC) among transgender people of color (TPOC).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of data on 20,967 respondents to the 2015 United States Transgender Survey who reported a desire for GAMHC services related to their gender transition.

Peripheral intravenous catheter needleless connector decontamination study-Randomized controlled trial.

Background: Needleless connectors (NCs) were introduced to reduce health care work needlestick injuries (NSIs). If not decontaminated prior to use, NCs can be a portal for patient blood stream infections. The optimal disinfectant, and its application duration, for NC decontamination has not been empirically established.

Dressings and securements for the prevention of peripheral intravenous catheter failure in adults (SAVE): a pragmatic, randomised controlled, superiority trial.

Background: Two billion peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are used globally each year, but optimal dressing and securement methods are not well established. We aimed to compare the efficacy and costs of three alternative approaches to standard non-bordered polyurethane dressings.

Methods: We did a pragmatic, randomised controlled, parallel-group superiority trial at two hospitals in Queensland, Australia.

Needleless connector drying time-how long does it take?

Allowing needleless connectors (NCs) on vascular catheters adequate drying time after cleaning with antiseptic is essential. Drying time instructions on antiseptic pads/wipes relate to skin use, not inanimate objects. Needleless connector drying times after a 15-second scrub with isopropyl-alcohol, isopropyl-alcohol/chlorhexidine, or povidone-iodine varied from 5 seconds to >6 minutes.

Microorganisms present on peripheral intravenous needleless connectors in the clinical environment.

The aim of this study was to quantify culturable microorganisms on needleless connectors (NCs) attached to peripheral intravenous catheters in hospitalized adult medical patients. Half (50%) of 40 NCs were contaminated with microorganisms commonly found on the skin or mouth. Staphylococcus capitis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were most commonly isolated.

Butylated hydroxytoluene modulates DNA methylation in rats.

The major observation of this investigation is that a single intraperitoneal injection of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 60 mg/kg body mass) results within a few hours in a strong increase in nuclear DNA(cytosine-5)-methyl transferase (methyl transferase) activity in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain and lungs of male rats. In most organs, the rise in methyl transferase activity is observed as early as 4 h after BHT injection, it reaches a maximum at 8 h and then, except for lungs and brain, gradually decreases to its initial level at 16 h. At the maximum induction times, the methyl transferase activity in liver, kidney and spleen increases by about 16-, 3- and 5-fold, respectively.

The tar reduction study: randomised trial of the effect of cigarette tar yield reduction on compensatory smoking.

Background: Observational and short term intervention studies have reported that smokers of low tar cigarettes inhale more deeply (that is, compensate) than those who smoke high tar cigarettes. To quantify this effect a long term randomised trial was conducted on the effects of switching to low tar cigarettes.

Methods: The trial was carried out between April 1985 and March 1988 among cigarette smokers in the British Civil Service, measuring blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels and serum cotinine levels as markers of tobacco smoke intake.

Ethynylestradiol protection against methyl insufficiency in castrated male Wistar/Furth rats fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet.

The interactive effects of dietary methyl insufficiency and the estrogenic compound ethynylestradiol (EE) on the levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were examined in the liver, lungs and pancreas of rats. In addition, such effects on the hepatic content of 5-methyl-deoxycytidine (5-MC) in nuclear DNA were determined. Castrated male Wistar/Furth rats were fed various levels of EE in either: (i) a complete, amino acid-defined diet (diet 1); (ii) the same diet lacking in choline and methionine and supplemented with 0.

Effect of nitrous oxide exposure on maternal and embryonic S-adenosylmethionine levels and ornithine decarboxylase activity.

Nitrous oxide is suspected to be a developmental toxicant in humans. The anesthetic does produce increases in the resorption and malformation frequencies in rodents. The mechanism for the drug's developmental toxicant effects is unknown.

Increased levels of S-adenosylmethionine in the livers of rats fed various forms of selenium.

The levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) were determined in the livers of male weanling rats fed six different forms of selenium for five weeks. The following forms of selenium were administrated in the diet in logarithmic doses: sodium selenite, sodium selenate, sodium selenide, selenomethionine, selenocystine, and selenium sulfide. An overall increase in hepatic SAM was observed, and all compounds resulted in at least one observation where SAM was significantly elevated (p < 0.

Prolonged acetaminophen ingestion by mice fed a methionine-limited diet does not affect iron-induced liver lipid peroxidation or S-adenosylmethionine.

This study determined whether acetaminophen (ACAP)-induced glutathione depletion was associated with liver lipid peroxide formation, or the concentrations of liver S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in mice fed diets with L-methionine below or at the requirement level (0.25 or 0.5%) for 7 wk.

Effects of diet type on incidence of spontaneous and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced liver and bladder tumors in BALB/c mice fed AIN-76A diet versus NIH-07 diet.

Diet is a major influence on the responses of experimental animals to drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Two diets used widely in toxicological and/or nutritional studies, and considered to be nutritionally adequate, were compared with respect to their influence on growth, body weight, lifespan, spontaneous neoplasia, and neoplastic responses to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Both sexes of weanling BALB/c mice were fed either a purified diet (AIN-76A) or a nonpurified, natural ingredient diet (NIH-07), with or without 2-AAF for up to 2 years.

Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and risk of gastric cancer: evidence from a prospective investigation.

Objective: To investigate the association between gastric cancer and prior infection with Helicobacter pylori.

Design: Case-control comparison of prevalence of IgG antibodies to H pylori in blood samples collected prospectively, before diagnosis of gastric cancer in the cases. Presence of H pylori antibody (greater than 10 micrograms IgG/ml) determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Increased incidence of spontaneous and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced liver and bladder tumors in B6C3F1 mice fed AIN-76A diet versus NIH-07 diet.

Diet is a major influence on the responses of experimental animals to drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Two diets used widely in toxicological and carcinogenic studies, and considered to be nutritionally adequate, were compared with respect to neoplastic responses to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Both sexes of weanling B6C3F1 mice were fed either AIN-76A (a purified diet) or NIH-07 (a natural ingredient diet), with or without 2-AAF, for up to 2 years.

Hydroxylation and deglycosylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine in the presence of magnesium and nickel.

Nickel (Ni), a carcinogenic and genotoxic metal, has been shown to enhance deglycosylation and hydroxylation of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) that has been caused by ascorbic acid and H2O2. There is evidence that Mg is a competitive antagonist of the toxicological effects of Ni. A factorial design was used to examine the interactive influence of Mg and Ni on the deglycosylation and hydroxylation of dG under a range of pH conditions in which ascorbate (Ascb) and H2O2 were added.

The inhibition by methionine and choline of liver carcinoma formation in male C3H mice dosed with diethylnitrosamine and fed phenobarbital.

The ability of the dietary methyl donors methionine and choline to inhibit the carcinogenic and tumor-promoting effects of phenobarbital (PB) in the livers of male weanling C3H mice was examined. The mice were fed a commercial rodent diet with or without 0.05% PB.

Cardiovascular responses and mammary substrate uptake in Jersey cows treated with pituitary-derived growth hormone during late lactation.

Pituitary-derived bovine growth hormone (bGH) was administered to Jersey cows during late lactation for 7 d. Milk yield increased significantly during treatment and by a maximum of 49.6% on d 7.

Cardiovascular and metabolic responses during growth hormone treatment of lactating sheep.

Pituitary-derived bovine growth hormone (bGH) was administered to six lactating Friesland ewes for 7 d. There was no consistent galactopoietic response, with changes in milk yield varying from 0 to 33% during treatment compared with the pretreatment period. The major effect of bGH on the concentration of milk constituents was to increase fat by 14.

Mouse hepatoblastomas: a histologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study.

Hepatoblastomas from B6C3F1 and BALB/c mice were examined by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical reactions for alpha-fetoprotein, keratin, and vimentin. Tumors occurred in one group of a chronic bioassay for the interaction of diet, genetic strain, and the carcinogen, 2-acetylaminofluorene. Tumors had several populations (including epithelial and mesenchymal cells) in various stages of differentiation.

Influence of a purified diet and route of administration on the metabolism and disposition of estradiol in B6C3F1 mice.

The metabolism and disposition of [6,7-3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) given by gavage (po) or intravenously (iv) were examined in female B6C3F1 mice fed either the purified AIN-76A (AIN) or cereal-based NIH-07 (NIH) diet for a period of 8 weeks prior to treatment with E2. Initially, 40.6 Ci of [3H]E2 was given iv to each mouse.

Effects of purified (AIN-76A) and natural-ingredient (NIH-07) diets on responses of BALB/c and B6C3F1 female mice to estradiol.

Female BALB/c and B6C3F1 mice were examined after a 3-wk exposure to dietary estradiol (0, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 ppb) in a purified (AIN-76A) or a natural-ingredient (NIH-07) diet. The use of AIN-76A was associated with a 9-13% greater (p less than 0.001) body weight and a 36-43% higher (p less than 0.

Influence of oral administration of sulfamethazine on thyroid hormone levels in Fischer 344 rats.

Fischer 344 rats (810 of each sex) were divided into treatment groups and fed diets containing 0, 10, 40, 600, 1200, or 2400 ppm sulfamethazine. Serum samples were analyzed for levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine (T3), and T3 uptake after 12, 18, or 24 mo of continuous dosing. There were no statistically significant differences in T3 levels or percent T3 uptake for either sex after any of the exposure periods.