Multicenter study demonstrates radiomic features derived from magnetic resonance perfusion images identify pseudoprogression in glioblastoma.

Pseudoprogression (PsP) is a diagnostic clinical dilemma in cancer. In this study, we retrospectively analyse glioblastoma patients, and using their dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI images we build a classifier using radiomic features obtained from both Ktrans and rCBV maps coupled with support vector machines. We achieve an accuracy of 90.

Erratum: Author Correction: Economic analysis of implementing virtual reality therapy for pain among hospitalized patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41746-018-0026-4.].

Economic analysis of implementing virtual reality therapy for pain among hospitalized patients.

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a novel and effective non-pharmacologic therapy for pain, and there is growing interest to use VR in the acute hospital setting. We sought to explore the cost and effectiveness thresholds VR therapy must meet to be cost-saving as an inpatient pain management program. The result is a framework for hospital administrators to evaluate the return on investment of implementing inpatient VR programs of varying effectiveness and cost.

Mutations of the MAPK/TSC/mTOR pathway characterize periventricular glioblastoma with epithelioid SEGA-like morphology-morphological and therapeutic implications.

Epithelioid glioblastoma is a recognized glioblastoma variant, recently added to the World Health Organization brain tumor classification, with similar prognosis as the classic variant and B-Raf V600E mutations in 50% of the cases. We identified a new subset of epithelioid glioblastoma with periventricular location and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA)-like morphology. Genomic profiling of these tumors revealed driver mutations in , subclonal mutations in , and a novel driver mutation in , suggesting upregulation of the MAPK/TSC1/mTOR pathway.

Risk of congenital anomalies near municipal waste incinerators in England and Scotland: Retrospective population-based cohort study.

Background: Few studies have investigated congenital anomalies in relation to municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) and results are inconclusive.

Objectives: To conduct a national investigation into the risk of congenital anomalies in babies born to mothers living within 10 km of an MWI associated with: i) modelled concentrations of PM as a proxy for MWI emissions more generally and; ii) proximity of residential postcode to nearest MWI, in areas in England and Scotland that are covered by a congenital anomaly register.

Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study within 10 km of 10 MWIs in England and Scotland operating between 2003 and 2010.

What is the impact of increasing the prominence of calorie labelling? A stepped wedge randomised controlled pilot trial in worksite cafeterias.

Background: Calorie labelling may help to reduce energy consumption, but few well-controlled experimental studies have been conducted in real world settings. In a previous randomised controlled pilot trial we did not observe an effect of calorie labelling on energy purchased in worksite cafeterias. In the present study we sought to enhance the effect by making the labels more prominent, and to address the operational challenges reported previously by worksites.

Linking aggregation and interfacial properties in monoclonal antibody-surfactant formulations.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are therapeutic proteins used in the treatment of many diseases due to their specificity in binding targets. Aggregation of these molecules is a major challenge in their formulation development. MAbs spontaneously adsorb onto air-solution interfaces and experience interfacial stresses, which is one of the major causes of aggregation.

The influence of protein deposition on contact lens tear film stability.

When contact lenses (CLs) are worn, they are subject to deposition of the surrounding biomolecules found in the tear film (TF) of the eye. There is a correlation between protein deposition on CLs and feelings of discomfort in patients, but it has not been well understood if these feelings of discomfort arise solely from immunogenic reactions to the protein deposits or a physical instability of the tear film on protein-fouled CLs. This study compared two hydrogel CLs: etafilcon A (polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate-based hydrogel) and senofilcon A (silicone hydrogel with internal wetting agent) to elucidate how lysozyme and mucin sorption affect the wettability of CLs and understand the potential impact on TF stability in vivo.

Positrons and 511 keV Radiation as Tracers of Recent Binary Neutron Star Mergers.

Neutron-rich material ejected from neutron star-neutron star (NS-NS) and neutron star-black-hole (NS-BH) binary mergers is heated by nuclear processes to temperatures of a few hundred keV, resulting in a population of electron-positron pairs. Some of the positrons escape from the outer layers of the ejecta. We show that the population of low-energy positrons produced by NS-NS and NS-BH mergers in the Milky Way can account for the observed 511-keV line from the Galactic center (GC).

International consensus definitions of video signs of concussion in professional sports.

Background: The use of video to assist professional sporting bodies with the diagnosis of sport-related concussion (SRC) has been well established; however, there has been little consistency across sporting codes with regards to which video signs should be used, and the definitions of each of these signs.

Aim: The aims of this study were to develop a consensus for the video signs considered to be most useful in the identification of a possible SRC and to develop a consensus definition for each of these video signs across the sporting codes.

Methods: A brief questionnaire was used to assess which video signs were considered to be most useful in the identification of a possible concussion.

REST-DRD2 mechanism impacts glioblastoma stem cell-mediated tumorigenesis.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal, heterogeneous human brain tumor, with regulatory mechanisms that have yet to be fully characterized. Previous studies have indicated that the transcriptional repressor REST (repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor) regulates the oncogenic potential of GBM stem cells (GSCs) based on level of expression. However, how REST performs its regulatory role is not well understood.

Prospective Clinical Sequencing of Adult Glioma.

Malignant gliomas are a group of intracranial cancers associated with disproportionately high mortality and morbidity. Here, we report ultradeep targeted sequencing of a prospective cohort of 237 tumors from 234 patients consisting of both glioblastoma (GBM) and lower-grade glioma (LGG) using our customized gene panels. We identified 2,485 somatic mutations, including single-nucleotide substitutions and small indels, using a validated in-house protocol.

A tale of two cities: is air pollution improving in Paris and London?

Paris and London are Europe's two megacities and both experience poor air quality with systemic breaches of the NO limit value. Policy initiatives have been taken to address this: some European-wide (e.g.

A hierarchical modelling approach to assess multi pollutant effects in time-series studies.

When assessing the short-term effect of air pollution on health outcomes, it is common practice to consider one pollutant at a time, due to their high correlation. Multi pollutant methods have been recently proposed, mainly consisting of collapsing the different pollutants into air quality indexes or clustering the pollutants and then evaluating the effect of each cluster on the health outcome. A major drawback of such approaches is that it is not possible to evaluate the health impact of each pollutant.

Lymphatic endothelial cell calcium pulses are sensitive to spatial gradients in wall shear stress.

Cytosolic calcium (Ca) is a ubiquitous second messenger that influences numerous aspects of cellular function. In many cell types, cytosolic Ca concentrations are characterized by periodic pulses, whose dynamics can influence downstream signal transduction. Here, we examine the general question of how cells use Ca pulses to encode input stimuli in the context of the response of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to fluid flow.

RBM10 truncation in astroblastoma in a patient with history of mandibular ameloblastoma: A case report.

Astroblastoma is a rare glial neoplasm composed of cells that have broad processes oriented perpendicular to central vessels and often demonstrate vascular sclerosis. The WHO 2016 classification does not specify a grading system for astroblastoma, and categorizes them as well-differentiated or malignant. These broad classification rubrics, however, do not accurately predict clinical outcome.

Comparing the Real-World Effectiveness of Competing Colonoscopy Preparations: Results of a Prospective Trial.

Objectives: National societies provide little guidance regarding which colonoscopy bowel preps are best tolerated and most effective; this reflects a lack of comparative effectiveness studies that directly evaluate the available preps in a "real-world" setting. To address this gap, we conducted a prospective, commercially unfunded comparative effectiveness study of currently available bowel preps and measured their impact on bowel cleansing.

Methods: We included patients aged ≥18 years, who presented for an outpatient colonoscopy at a large medical center serving more than 70 academic and community-based endoscopists who are free to prescribe the bowel prep of their choice.

Guiding the first biopsy in glioma patients using estimated Ki-67 maps derived from MRI: conventional versus advanced imaging.

Background: Undersampling of gliomas at first biopsy is a major clinical problem, as accurate grading determines all subsequent treatment. We submit a technological solution to reduce the problem of undersampling by estimating a marker of tumor proliferation (Ki-67) using MR imaging data as inputs, against a stereotactic histopathology gold standard.

Methods: MR imaging was performed with anatomic, diffusion, permeability, and perfusion sequences, in untreated glioma patients in a prospective clinical trial.

The effect of evidence and theory-based health advice accompanying smartphone air quality alerts on adherence to preventative recommendations during poor air quality days: A randomised controlled trial.

Although poor air quality can have a negative impact on human health, studies have shown suboptimal levels of adherence to health advice associated with air quality alerts. The present study compared the behavioural impact of the UK Air Quality Index (DAQI) with an alternative message format, using a 2 (general population vs. at-risk individuals) X 2 (usual DAQI messages vs.

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool: Fifth Edition Normative Reference Values for Professional Rugby Union Players.

Objective: To describe distributions and establish normative ranges for new or changed subcomponents of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT)-5.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: Professional Rugby Union players performing 2017 preseason baseline SCAT-5 testing.

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) loss-of-function variant associated with autosomal dominant Stickler syndrome and renal dysplasia.

Stickler syndrome is a genetic disorder that can lead to joint problems, hearing difficulties and retinal detachment. Genes encoding collagen types II, IX and XI are usually responsible, but some families have no causal variant identified. We investigate a variant in the gene encoding growth factor BMP4 in a family with Stickler syndrome with associated renal dysplasia.

Costs and outcomes in evaluating management of unhealed surgical wounds in the community in clinical practice in the UK: a cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the patient pathways and associated health outcomes, resource use and corresponding costs attributable to managing unhealed surgical wounds in clinical practice, from initial presentation in the community in the UK.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of the records of 707 patients in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database whose wound failed to heal within 4 weeks of their surgery. Patients' characteristics, wound-related health outcomes and healthcare resource use were quantified, and the total National Health Service (NHS) cost of patient management was estimated at 2015/2016 prices.

Correction to: The Use of Sideline Video Review to Facilitate Management Decisions Following Head Trauma in Super Rugby.

In the original article [1] reference was made to the Hawk-Eye system having been used as the sideline operating system during the 2015 season.