Artificial Intelligence in Urology: Application of a Machine Learning Model to Predict the Risk of Urolithiasis in a General Population.

This research presents our application of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting urolithiasis risk. Previous applications, including AI for stone disease, have focused on stone composition and aiding diagnostic imaging. AI applications centered around patient-specific characteristics, lifestyle considerations, and diet have been limited.

Is it Safe to Continue Aspirin in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy?

Objective: To evaluate peri-operative outcomes in patients on chronic aspirin therapy undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), with and without discontinuation of aspirin. Anti-coagulation and anti-platelet therapy are contraindications for PCNL per American Urological Association guidelines due to bleeding risk. However, there is potentially increased cardiovascular risk with peri-procedural aspirin withdrawal.

Ergonomics in the OR: An Electromyographic Evaluation of Common Muscle Groups Used During Simulated Flexible Ureteroscopy - a Pilot Study.

Objective: To assess the effects of different surgeon positions and ureteroscope types on muscle activation as measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) during simulated ureteroscopy in an endourology box-trainer model and the kidney phantom.

Methods: For this exploratory study, sEMG was used to quantify muscle activation of 3 endourology fellows during various ureteroscopic tasks. Electrodes were placed on the ureteroscope-holding side of the following muscles: thenar, forearm flexor, forearm extensor, biceps, triceps, deltoid, and trapezius.

Acute kidney injury and percutaneous nephrolithotomy: incidence and predictive factors.

Introduction And Objective: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the treatment of choice for patients with large stones. The risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been reported in the Western world. Our objective was to assess the frequency of AKI in patients undergoing PCNL and to identify independent predictors of AKI.

Ureteral Diameter as Predictor of Ureteral Injury during Ureteral Access Sheath Placement.

Purpose: We determined the association between ureteral diameter and ureteral injury during ureteral access sheath placement.

Materials And Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled in the study from July 2014 to September 2015. All patients underwent preoperative noncontrast computerized tomography and had a 12Fr to 14Fr ureteral access sheath placement without pre-stenting.

Magnetic-Assisted Robotic and Laparoscopic Renal Surgery: Initial Clinical Experience with the Levita Magnetic Surgical System.

The Levita™ Magnetic Surgical System (LMSS) is a new device that can provide retraction using magnets and can reduce the number of ports used during laparoscopic and robotic procedure. It is U.S.

Indocyanine Green (ICG) in Urologic Surgery.

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a dye used for fluorescent-guided surgery. This review article addresses the recent surge in reported uses of ICG in various surgical fields and provides a comprehensive and up to date review of the uses of ICG in urologic surgery.

Exosomes from bulk and stem cells from human prostate cancer have a differential microRNA content that contributes cooperatively over local and pre-metastatic niche.

The different prostate cancer (PCa) cell populations (bulk and cancer stem cells, CSCs) release exosomes that contain miRNAs that could modify the local or premetastatic niche. The analysis of the differential expression of miRNAs in exosomes allows evaluating the differential biological effect of both populations on the niche, and the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Five PCa primary cell cultures were established to originate bulk and CSCs cultures.

Impact of CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms in overall and specific prostate cancer survival.

Objective: Prognostic biomarkers that distinguish between patients with good or poor outcome can be used to guide decisions of whom to treat and how aggressively. In this sense, several groups have proposed genetic polymorphisms as potential susceptibility and prognostic biomarkers; however, their validity has not been proven. Thus, the main goal of the present work was to investigate the potential role of single and combined CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genotypes as modifiers of cancer survival in Chilean patients with prostate cancer.

Increased SNAIL expression and low syndecan levels are associated with high Gleason grade in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading male oncologic malignancy wideworld. During malignant transformation, normal epithelial cells undergo genetic and morphological changes known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Several regulatory genes and specific marker proteins are involved in PC EMT.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: A series of one hundred cases performed by the same surgeon.

Introduction: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) has become the first-line surgical technique for the management of renal tumors smaller than 4 cm. Its main advantages are an excellent oncologic control together with the preservation of nephron units. Moreover, it implies a shorter length of hospital stay, less postoperative pain, and shorter recovering times for patients.

PCA3 sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer detection in patients with abnormal PSA and/or suspicious digital rectal examination. First Latin American experience.

Introduction: Prostate Cancer Gene 3 (PCA3) is a recently described and highly specific urinary marker for prostate cancer (CaP). Its introduction in clinical practice to supplement low specificity of prostate specific antigen (PSA) can improve CaP diagnosis and follow-up. However, before its introduction, it is necessary to validate the method of PCA3 detection in distinct geographic populations.

[Endoscopic management of paranasal sinus mucoceles: experience with 46 patients].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the surgical treatment of patients with the diagnosis of paranasal mucoceles managed in a Latin American hospital. We hypothesised that endonasal endoscopic surgeries had emerged as the main treatment option for this disease in the last five years.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients who were diagnosed with paranasal sinus mucoceles and treated at the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Department of our hospital from 2002 to 2010 was performed.

Altered expression patterns of syndecan-1 and -2 predict biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer.

The clinical features of prostate cancer do not provide an accurate determination of patients undergoing biochemical relapse and are therefore not suitable as indicators of prognosis for recurrence. New molecular markers are needed for proper pre-treatment risk stratification of patients. Our aim was to assess the value of altered expression of syndecan-1 and -2 as a marker for predicting biochemical relapse in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy.

[Renal and perinephric abscesses: a series of 44 cases].

Renal abscesses are infrequent event and may occasionally be fatal. In order to characterize its main clinical features, its diagnosis and evolution, a retrospective-descriptive study was done with cases identified between 1996 and 2006 in a teaching hospital. Forty-four cases were collected (mean age 49.