Mechanisms underlining Kelp (Saccharina japonica) adaptation to relative high seawater temperature.

Saccharina japonica has been cultivated in China for almost a century. From Dalian to Fujian, the lowest and the highest seawater temperatures in the period of cultivation increased by 14℃ and 8℃, respectively. Its adaptation to elevated seawater temperature is an example of securing the natural habitats of a species.

Promoting epithelial regeneration in chemically induced acute lung injury through Sox9-positive alveolar type 2 epithelial cells.

Background: Chemical-induced acute lung injury is characterized by impaired epithelial regenerative capacity, leading to acute pulmonary edema. Numerous studies have investigated the therapeutic potential of endogenous stem cells with particular emphasis on alveolar type 2 epithelial (AEC2) cells owing to their involvement in lung cell renewal. Sox9, a transcription factor known for its role in maintaining stem cell properties and guiding cell differentiation, marks a subset of AEC2 cells believed to contribute to epithelial repair.

Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for T1b colorectal cancer.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standardized procedure for intramucosal and slightly invasive submucosal colorectal cancers (CRC). However, the role of ESD for T1b (depth of submucosal invasion: ≥1,000 μm) CRC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of ESD for T1b CRC.

Comparing percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in elderly patients for common bile duct stones: a 3-year retrospective study.

Purpose: To assess the safety and effectiveness of PTPBD for CBD stones in the elderly population.

Methods: Patients aged 60 years or older, who underwent PTPBD or ERCP for CBD stones between January 2021 and December 2023, were included in this study and divided into either the PTPBD group or the ERCP group based on the procedure they underwent. Baseline characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS 25.

Migration pathway and solidification mechanism of heavy metal Pb during the conversion of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash into ettringite and simultaneously purification of chloride salts solution process.

The solidification/stabilization of heavy metals and valuable component recovery from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash are of great significance for its safe disposal. In this study, MSWI fly ash was transformed into a new solid phase mainly composed of ettringite, achieving the solidification of excessive heavy metal Pb while obtaining a mixed solution of sodium chloride and potassium chloride with extremely low impurity content, which can be recovered by evaporation-crystallization respectively. The solidification mechanism of heavy metal Pb by ettringite was investigated through a combination of DFT calculations and experiments.

A feedforward loop between JAK/STAT downstream target p115 and STAT in germline stem cells.

The maintenance of germline stem cells (GSCs) is essential for tissue homeostasis. JAK/STAT signaling maintains GSC fate in Drosophila testis. However, how JAK/STAT signaling maintains male GSC fate through its downstream targets remains poorly understood.

Transcriptional Characterization of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Reveals Immune Microenvironment Alterations in Chemically Induced Acute Lung Injury.

Purpose: Chemically induced acute lung injury (CALI) has become a serious health concern in our industrialized world, and abnormal functional alterations of immune cells crucially contribute to severe clinical symptoms. However, the cell heterogeneity and functional phenotypes of respiratory immune characteristics related to CALI remain unclear.

Methods: We performed scRNA sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples obtained from phosgene-induced CALI rat models and healthy controls.

PTTG1 promotes CD34CD45 cells to repair the pulmonary vascular barrier via activating the VEGF-bFGF/PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway in rats with phosgene-induced acute lung injury.

Accidental exposure to phosgene can cause acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by uncontrolled inflammation and impaired lung blood-gas barrier. CD34CD45 cells with high pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) expression were identified around rat pulmonary vessels through single-cell RNA sequencing, and have been shown to attenuate P-ALI by promoting lung vascular barrier repair. As a transcription factor closely related to angiogenesis, whether PTTG1 plays a role in CD34CD45 cell repairing the pulmonary vascular barrier in rats with P-ALI remains unclear.

Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Epithelial Cell Signature of Multiple Subtypes in Chemically Induced Acute Lung Injury.

Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) play a role in chemically induced acute lung injury (CALI). However, the mechanisms that induce alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s) to proliferate, exit the cell cycle, and transdifferentiate into alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1s) are unclear. Here, we investigated the epithelial cell types and states in a phosgene-induced CALI rat model.

The global dynamic of DNA methylation in response to heat stress revealed epigenetic mechanism of heat acclimation in Saccharina japonica.

Saccharina japonica is an ecologically and economically important kelp in cold-temperate regions. When it is cultivated on a large scale in the temperate and even subtropical zones, heat stress is a frequent abiotic stress. This study is the first attempt to reveal the regulatory mechanism of the response to heat stress from the perspective of DNA methylation in S.

Therapeutic Benefits of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Potential Mechanisms and Challenges.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) presents as a form of acute respiratory failure resulting from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema due to excessive alveolocapillary permeability, which may be pulmonary or systemic in origin. In the last 3 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in an increase in ARDS cases and highlighted the challenges associated with this syndrome, as well as the unacceptably high mortality rates and lack of effective treatments. Currently, clinical treatment remains primarily supportive, including mechanical ventilation and drug-based therapy.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the Aureochrome Gene Family in and a Comparative Analysis with Six Other Algae.

Aureochrome (AUREO) is a kind of blue light photoreceptor with both LOV and bZIP structural domains, identified only in Stramenopiles. It functions as a transcription factor that responds to blue light, playing diverse roles in the growth, development, and reproduction of Stramenopiles. Most of its functions are currently unknown, especially in the economically important alga farmed on a large scale.

Regulation of Macrophage Polarization Through Periodic Photo-Thermal Treatment to Facilitate Osteogenesis.

The richened reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derived excessive inflammation at bone injured sites hinder osteogenesis of endosseous Ti-based implants. Herein, anti-oxidized polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on hydrothermal growth formed hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods on Ti to form a core-shell structural nanorod-like array with HA as a core and PDA as an amorphous shell (PDA@HA), showing not only ROS scavenging ability but also near-infrared (NIR) light derived photo-thermal effects. PDA@HA suppresses inflammation based on its ROS scavenging ability to a certain extent, while periodic photo-thermal treatment (PTT) at a mild temperature (41 ± 1 °C) further accelerates the transition of the macrophages (MΦs) adhered to PDA@HA from the pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype to the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype in vitro and in vivo.

Recessive Variants Associated With Partial Epilepsy and Spasms in Infancy.

Objective: The gene encodes the laminin subunit α5, the most abundant laminin α subunit in the human brain. It forms heterotrimers with the subunit β1/β2 and γ1/γ3 and regulates neurodevelopmental processes. Genes encoding subunits of the laminin heterotrimers containing subunit α5 have been reported to be associated with human diseases.

RGD-Hydrogel Improves the Therapeutic Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have promising potential in the treatment of various diseases, such as the therapeutic effect of bone marrow-derived MSCs for phosgene-induced acute lung injury (P-ALI). However, MSC-related therapeutics are limited due to poor cell survival, requiring appropriate MSC delivery systems to maximise therapeutic capacity. Biomaterial RGD-hydrogel is a potential cell delivery vehicle as it can mimic the natural extracellular matrix and provide cell adhesion support.

The utility of a multi-orifice epidural catheter when using the "Spray-as-You-Go" technique for topical Airway Anesthesia during Flexible Bronchoscopy, a randomised trial.

Background: Lidocaine administered through the working channel of a flexible bronchoscope can provide effective local anesthesia but cannot achieve good distribution in the airway. This study was undertaken to determine whether lidocaine delivered via a multi-orifice epidural catheter (three orifices/openings) is superior to conventional method and if a better distribution and decreased the cough reflex can be achieved.

Methods: The patients (N = 100; 50 in each group) were randomized to receive either topical airway anesthesia by the "spray-as-you-go" technique via conventional application (group C) through the working channel of the bronchoscope or via a triple-orifice epidural catheter (group E).

Auxilin regulates intestinal stem cell proliferation through EGFR.

Adult tissue homeostasis is maintained by residential stem cells. The proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells must be tightly balanced to avoid excessive proliferation or premature differentiation. However, how stem cell proliferation is properly controlled remains elusive.

Derlin-1 and TER94/VCP/p97 are required for intestinal homeostasis.

Adult stem cells are critical for the maintenance of residential tissue homeostasis and functions. However, the roles of cellular protein homeostasis maintenance in stem cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we find that Derlin-1 and TER94/VCP/p97, components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, restrain intestinal stem cell proliferation to maintain intestinal homeostasis in adult Drosophila.

Autophagy induction in tumor surrounding cells promotes tumor growth in adult Drosophila intestines.

During tumorigenesis, tumor cells interact intimately with their surrounding cells (microenvironment) for their growth and progression. However, the roles of tumor microenvironment in tumor development and progression are not fully understood. Here, using an established benign tumor model in adult Drosophila intestines, we find that non-cell autonomous autophagy (NAA) is induced in tumor surrounding neighbor cells.

Scavenger receptor A1 participates in uptake of serovar Autumnalis strain 56606v and inflammation in mouse macrophages.

Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic species, has emerged as a widespread zoonotic disease worldwide. Macrophages mediate the elimination of pathogens through phagocytosis and cytokine production. Scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1), one of the critical receptors mediating this process, plays a complicated role in innate immunity.

A widespread pathway for substitution of adenine by diaminopurine in phage genomes.

DNA modifications vary in form and function but generally do not alter Watson-Crick base pairing. Diaminopurine (Z) is an exception because it completely replaces adenine and forms three hydrogen bonds with thymine in cyanophage S-2L genomic DNA. However, the biosynthesis, prevalence, and importance of Z genomes remain unexplored.

Identification of a Depolymerase Specific for K64-Serotype Potential Applications in Capsular Typing and Treatment.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP), one of the major nosocomial pathogens, is increasingly becoming a serious threat to global public health. There is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic and preventive approaches to combat the pathogen. Here, we identified and characterized a novel capsule depolymerase (K64-ORF41) derived from phage SH-KP152410, which showed specific activities for K64-serotype.