Exploring Synergistic GHG Emissions Mitigation Potential and Costs of Room Air Conditioners.

This study explores the potential of synergistically reducing direct (refrigerant) and indirect (electricity) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the global room air conditioning (RAC) sector, based on 80% of global RAC manufactured in China. Three scenarios are evaluated: Business-as-usual (BAU) based on maintaining refrigerant and energy efficiency levels from 2021 China RAC sales shares, Kigali Amendment compliant with 10% energy efficiency improvement by 2025 (KAE), and accelerated refrigerant transition and energy efficiency improvement (ATE). Each scenario considers the costs of refrigerant and efficiency measures for export market groups based on Kigali Amendment classifications.

Atmospheric observation and emission estimation of HFC-125 and HFC-32 in China from four representative cities.

HFC-125 and HFC-32 are fluorinated greenhouse gases of great concern due to their high GWPs and increasing background atmospheric concentrations. Long-term atmospheric observations of HFC-125 and HFC-32 were carried out in four representative cities of China (Beijing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, and Lanzhou) from January 2012 to October 2019. Overall, the annual mean atmospheric concentrations of HFC-125 and HFC-32 both showed increasing trends, with average rates of 4.

Banks, emissions, and environmental impacts of China's ozone depletion substances and hydrofluorocarbon substitutes during 1980-2020.

Ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), which also contribute to global warming, have been controlled by the Montreal Protocol (MP) since 1987. China joined the MP in 1991 and began reducing production and consumption of ODSs in the country, leading to a decrease in emissions of ODSs. Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines, the latest emission factors and actual consumption in China (MP scenario), both the historical banks and the historical emissions of ODSs and substitute hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) during 1980-2020 were calculated.

Realizing low-carbon development in a developing and industrializing region: Impacts of industrial structure change on CO emissions in southwest China.

China is undergoing rapid industrial structure change, resulting in great disparities in industrialization stages and CO emission patterns across regions. In this study, we focused on the southwest economic zone (including Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou), which is in the middle-industrialization stage and aims to mitigate CO emissions during strategic industrial transformation. We applied a framework with refined indicators based on input-output analysis (IOA) and structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to characterize and quantify the impact of industrial structure change on CO emissions during 2002-2012.