Reappearance of event-related P3 potential in locked-in syndrome.

In a patient affected by locked-in syndrome, because of a lesion of the caudal-ventral pontine tegment, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) to an acoustic odd-ball paradigm. We did not record N2 and P3 components in the 50 days following the acute lesion although the patient was able to understand the task and communicate with blinking. 55 days after the acute lesion, N2 and P3 reappeared on scalp derivations.

Delayed and pseudodelayed visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis compared with long time echo-short tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve.

Twenty patients affected by optic neuritis (ON) underwent serial visual evoked potential (VEP) recordings, performed with multiple electrode arrays, and with stimuli of 1 and 3 cycles per degree (cpd) for 1 year. VEP findings were correlated with long time echo-short tau inversion recovery (LTE-STIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of optic nerves and with visual field tests. MRI showed lesions in 95.

Are VEP abnormalities in optic neuritis (ON) dependent on plaque size? A reappraisal of the physiopathology of ON based on improved MRI and multiple-lead recordings.

Twenty patients with optic neuritis (ON) described in the previous study [23] underwent serial VEP recordings (using multiple electrode arrays) for two years. The VEPs could be correlated with the lesions revealed by MRI, Visual Field tests and other clinical findings. On the basis of their scalp distribution, they were classified as "really delayed" VEPs and "pseudo-delayed" VEPs.

Long time echo STIR sequence magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerves in optic neuritis.

Magnetic resonance images of optic nerves were obtained in 20 patients with acute optic neuritis (ON), and assessed by means of clinical, visual field and visual evoked potential evaluations; the imaging was repeated 1 year later. The results of the conventional Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) sequence obtained using short time echo (STE-STIR: 22 msec) were compared with those of the long time echo sequence (LTE-STIR: 80 msec). The conventional STE-STIR sequence revealed lesions in 57.

Evoked potential (EP) alterations in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE): early delays and latency reductions without plaques.

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in its chronic relapsing (CR-EAE), chronic progressive (CP-EAE) and acute (A-EAE) forms was obtained in 24 juvenile strain 13 guinea pigs. Visual, brainstem acoustic and somatosensory evoked potentials (EPs) were recorded in these animals prior to the sensitizing injection and during the course of the disease. Delays in the EPs appeared 15 days post-sensitization (dps), preceding or simultaneously with clinical alterations: electron microscopy revealed myelin stripping and vacuolation in the animals sacrificed 25 dps.

Newborns with hyperbilirubinemia: usefulness of brain stem auditory response evaluation.

We describe brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) obtained in 48 full-term newborns (20 boys, 28 girls) presenting with high serum total bilirubin concentration (from 238 to 442 mM) without Rhesus of group A, B, O factors incompatibility. Recordings were performed on the 3rd day of life and repeated 5-7 days post-appropriate therapy with photostimulation and exchange transfusion (when bilirubin concentration had decreased below 136 mM). Supplementary recordings were performed 3, 6 and 12 weeks later in order to assess test-retest reliability of components.

Long echo time STIR sequence MRI of optic nerves in optic neuritis.

MRI of the optic nerves was obtained in 13 patients with acute optic neuritis and 13 with a previous optic neuritis (ON), assessed by clinical features, visual fields and visual evoked potentials. Results of the conventional short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence obtained with a short echo time (STE-STIR; 22 ms) were compared with those of a long echo time (LTE-STIR: 80 ms) sequence. The conventional STE-STIR sequence revealed lesions in the optic nerves in 78.

Visual evoked potentials generator model derived from different spatial frequency stimuli of visual field regions and magnetic resonance imaging coordinates of V1, V2, V3 areas in man.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to pattern reversal vertical bar stimuli were recorded from 24 scalp derivations (including zygomatic and inion) referenced to digitally linked earlobes in 50 controls. 1, 2 and 4 cpd patterns were presented as full field (FF) stimuli, on Upper Hemifields (UHF) and Lower Hemifields (LHF), upper and lower quadrants and with the occlusion of central and peripheral UHF and LHF. VEPs to octant stimuli were also recorded with 2 cpd patterns.

Event related potentials recorded in Dorsal Simultanagnosia.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to central and lateral half field patterned stimuli of 1, 2 and 4 cycles per degree (cpd) were recorded in a patient with Dorsal Simultanagnosia due to bilateral lesions of parieto-occipital junction. VEPs consisted of the normal N1-P1-N2 components with same spatial frequency sensitivity as in controls. VEPs had similar latencies and amplitudes whether the patient could see or not the patterned stimuli.

Non-dominant dorsal-prefrontal activation during chess problem solution evidenced by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).

Expert chess players can recall meaningful chess positions with extraordinary precision in comparison with inexperienced players. We hypothesized, therefore, that their mental performance during chess deliberation could be an appropriate target for single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) studies. We studied cerebral activation with 1110 MBq 99mTc-Bicisate SPECT in five expert male chess players during mental solution of a complex chess problem.

P300 asymmetries in focal brain lesions are reference dependent.

In 6 patients with lesions of frontal, parietal and temporal lobe, in 4 patients affected by primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and in 56 age-matched controls, event-related potentials (ERPs) to an auditory odd-ball paradigm were recorded with the linked earlobe reference (LER) and with a computer calculated average reference (AR), excluding the two linked earlobe derivations. Latencies, amplitudes and scalp distribution of the earlier ERP components (P1, N1, P2, N2) were within normal limits for both LER and AR recordings. P300 scalp distribution in patients was normal when LER was used.

Long time echo stir sequence magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerves in optic neuritis.

Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerves was obtained in 13 patients with acute optic neuritis and in 13 patients with a previous history of optic neuritis (ON), assessed by clinical, visual fields and visual evoked potentials evaluations. Results of the conventional short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence obtained with short time echo (STE-STIR: 22 ms) were compared with long time echo (LTE-STIR: 80 ms) sequence. The conventional STE-STIR sequence revealed lesions in 78.

The abnormality of N30 somatosensory evoked potential in idiopathic Parkinson's disease is unrelated to disease stage or clinical scores and insensitive to dopamine manipulations.

We recorded short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median nerve stimuli in 40 patients affected by idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) classified from I to IV on the Hoehn and Yahr disability scale. SEPs were recorded before and after chronic administration of L-Dopa and bromocriptine, before and after acute administration of L-Dopa. Fourteen patients experiencing wearing off and dystonic-dyskinetic disturbances were recorded during the occurrence of these oscillations of their clinical status.

Source model and scalp topography of pattern reversal visual evoked potentials to altitudinal stimuli suggest that infoldings of calcarine fissure are not part of VEP generators.

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to pattern reversal vertical bar stimuli were recorded from 19 scalp, 2 zygomatic and 3 inion derivations referenced to digitally linked earlobes in 50 controls. 1, 2 and 4 cycles per degree (cpd) patterns were presented as full field (FF) stimuli, on upper and lower hemifields (UHF-LHF), upper and lower quadrants and with the occlusion of central and peripheral UHF and LHF. VEPs to octant stimuli were also recorded with 2 cpd patterns.

L-acetylcarnitine as a new therapeutic approach for peripheral neuropathies with pain.

With ST200 as the commercial source of L-acetylcarnitine hydrochloride, 94 patients were enrolled in this study; 31 were assigned to placebo, 31 to ST200 at 0.5 g/die and 32 to ST200 at 1 g/die, the i.m.

Focal abnormalities of P3 ERPs unveiled in patients with cortical lesions and primary progressive aphasia by average reference recordings.

Event related potentials (ERPs) to an auditory odd-ball paradigm were recorded with the linked earlobe reference (LER) and with a computer calculated average reference (AR), excluding the two linked earlobe derivations. The study was performed in 30 patients with lesions of frontal, parietal, occipital cortex, unilateral and bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), in four patients affected by Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and in 56 age matched controls. Latencies, amplitudes and scalp distribution of the earlier ERP components (P1, N1, P2, N2) were within normal limits for both LER and AR recordings.

Effects of drug manipulations on anterior components of somatosensory evoked potentials in a parkinsonian animal model.

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs) to median nerve stimuli were recorded in seven Cynomolgus monkeys before and after the induction of the MPTP-parkinsonian syndrome. SEPs recorded after the onset of parkinsonism showed a significant amplitude reduction of an anterior negative component peaking at about 15 ms (N15), independent of the severity of symptoms. The amplitude decrease was not reversed by the administration of I-dopa, despite clinical improvement, or cholinergic, noradrenergic and gabaergic agents.

MRI alterations as an early finding in Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.

Two cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) are reported. In both cases, pathologically confirmed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral altered signal areas in the basal ganglia, early in the course of the disease. The CT scan, although performed later than MRI, confirmed these findings.

Early MRI findings in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We describe the MRI changes preceding the onset of myoclonus in two patients whose post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). MRI showed changes in the striatum early in the course of CJD (2-6 months after the onset of apathy, interpreted as depression, and 1-2 months before the onset of further clinical symptoms). Only in one patient did electroencephalography record the typical triphasic sharp-waves, 1 month after MRI.

Comparison of event related potentials (ERPs) distributions obtained with three reference systems: linked binaural, mean reference, extracephalic.

Event related potentials (ERPs) to auditory and visual oddball paradigms were recorded from 19 scalp derivations in 10 controls. Three different reference systems were used: the linked earlobes (LE), the computer calculated mean reference (MR), and a calibrated sterno-vertebral extracephalic reference (EC). The distribution of ERPs was represented on single plane maps (quadratic interpolation, 4-NN method).

P3 recordings in patients with bilateral temporal lobe lesions.

We recorded event-related potentials to an acoustic "oddball" paradigm from 19 scalp derivations in five patients (three women and two men; age range, 44 to 56) who had global amnesia following encephalitis. CT and MRI showed severe bilateral lesions of anterior and midtemporal lobes. A P3 component, with a peak latency within the normal limits for age-matched controls, was recorded to "target" stimuli in four patients from all leads except Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8, T3, and T4.

Narcolepsy associated with primary temporal lobe B-cells lymphoma in a HLA DR2 negative subject.

Narcolepsy and cataplexy began one year before treatment of a left mid-temporal primary B-cells lymphoma in a HLA DR2 negative man. Treatment with radio therapy and immunosuppression induced regression of the lymphoma and disappearance of narcolepsy and cataplexy.

Delayed P3 event-related potentials (ERPs) in thalamic hemorrhage.

Delayed P3 ERPs were recorded with an acoustic oddball paradigm in 5 patients affected by unilateral thalamic hemorrhage. P3 latencies in these 5 patients were above the normal mean latency of age-matched controls +2/+3 S.D.