The Integrator complex: an emerging complex structure involved in the regulation of gene expression by targeting RNA polymerase II.

The Integrator complex is a multisubunit complex that participates in the processing of small nuclear RNA molecules in eukaryotic cells by cleaving the 3' end. In protein-coding genes, Integrator is a key regulator of promoter-proximal pausing, release, and recruitment of RNA polymerase II. Research on Integrator has revealed its critical role in the regulation of gene expression and RNA processing.

Effects of nicotine on the metabolism and gene expression profile of Sprague‑Dawley rat primary osteoblasts.

Smoking is a risk factor associated with bone and oral diseases, particularly periodontitis. Nicotine, the major toxic component of tobacco, is able to affect the quality and quantity of bone. Osteoblasts serve an important role in bone formation.