Knowledge and beliefs regarding temporomandibular disorders among orthodontists.

Introduction: This project was undertaken to accomplish 2 objectives: (1) to identify whether there is a discrepancy between orthodontists and experts in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) related to diagnosis and treatment of TMD patients, and (2) to influence the manner in which TMD curricula are taught in orthodontic residency programs, better preparing future orthodontic specialists to diagnose and treat (and refer) patients with TMD.

Methods: A survey invitation was e-mailed to 8870 members of the American Association of Orthodontists. Items were answered on a 6-point scale (0 = I don't know; 1 = strongly disagree; 2 = disagree; 3 = neutral; 4 = agree; 5 = strongly agree).

A minimal physiologically based model of the HPA axis under influence of the sleep-wake cycles.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (also called the HPA or stress axis) exhibits distinct circadian and ultradian rhythms in cortisol release that cannot be explained solely by the feedback loops from cortisol to the control systems in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and pituitary gland. The HPA axis is intimately connected with other brain functions. In particular, it is strongly affected by the sleep-wake cycles via direct and indirect effects of the circadian and homeostatic mechanisms.

Surgical and postoperative complications associated with tibial tuberosity advancement for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 458 cases (2007-2009).

Objective: To describe the surgical and postoperative complications encountered with tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) performed in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle joints.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 458 dogs (TTA performed on 501 stifle joints).

Phase behaviour of casein micelles and barley beta-glucan polymer molecules in dietary fibre-enriched dairy systems.

Enrichment of colloidal dairy systems with dietary fibre frequently causes quality defects because of phase separation. We investigate phase separation in skimmed milk enriched with Glucagel (a commercial product made from barley that is predominantly comprised of the polysaccharide β-glucan). The driving force for phase separation was depletion flocculation of casein micelles in the presence of molecules of the polysaccharide.

Multiple magnet ingestion as a cause of septic peritonitis in a dog.

A 1 yr old male castrated Yorkshire terrier was referred after ingesting magnets. Dehydration, fever, tachycardia, and abdominal pain were noted on physical examination. Abdominal radiographs revealed two radiopaque foreign objects in close proximity to each other with decreased abdominal detail.

Inhibition of microbial growth and enrichment of gamma-aminobutyric acid during germination of brown rice by electrolyzed oxidizing water.

Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has been regarded as a potential environmentally friendly broad spectrum microbial decontaminant. EOW with a pH of 3.0 and oxidation reduction potential of 1,079.

Effect of dysphasia and dysphagia on inpatient mortality and hospital length of stay: a database study.

Objectives: To examine the effect of dysphasia and dysphagia on stroke outcome.

Design: Retrospective database study.

Setting: Norfolk, United Kingdom.

Risk factors for surgical site infection-inflammation in dogs undergoing surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament: 902 cases (2005-2006).

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of and potential risk factors associated with development of postoperative infection-inflammation in a large number of dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) that were treated via elective surgery.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 808 dogs that underwent surgery (902 procedures) for rupture of the CCL.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Inonotus obliquus, Polygala senega L., and Viburnum trilobum in a cell screening assay.

Aim Of The Study: The purpose of the study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), Polygala senega (Senega) and Viburnum trilobum (Cranberry) bark extract fractions from locally produced materials in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced murine macrophage RAW 164.7 cells.

Materials And Methods: Four fractions from each of the three extracts were obtained: (80% ethanol extracted; Fa), (water-soluble polysaccharide fraction; Fb), (Polyphenolic fraction; Fc) and (ETOAc/H(2)O extracted fraction; Fd).

Physiological effects of concentrated barley beta-glucan in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults.

Objective: Barley fiber rich in beta-glucans lowers serum lipids, but is difficult to incorporate into products acceptable to consumers. We investigated the physiological effects of two concentrated barley beta-glucans on cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and body weight in human subjects.

Methods: Hypercholesterolemic men and women (n = 90) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: low molecular weight (low-MW) or high molecular weight (high-MW) concentrated barley beta-glucan consumed as a daily supplement containing 6 grams beta-glucan/day.

Analysis of auditory and neurologic effects associated with ventral bulla osteotomy for removal of inflammatory polyps or nasopharyngeal masses in cats.

Objective: To determine whether cats undergoing ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) for removal of inflammatory polyps or nasopharyngeal masses have altered ability to hear and whether polyp or mass removal affects auditory function as measured via air-conducted brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER).

Design: Prospective case series.

Animals: 21 cats.

Light filtering by epidermal flavonoids during the resistant response of cotton to Xanthomonas protects leaf tissue from light-dependent phytoalexin toxicity.

2,7-Dihydroxycadalene and lacinilene C, sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins that accumulate at infection sites during the hypersensitive resistant response of cotton foliage to Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum, have light-dependent toxicity toward host cells, as well as toward the bacterial pathogen. Adaxial epidermal cells surrounding and sometimes covering infection sites turn red.

Influence of added bean flour (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on some physical and nutritional properties of wheat flour tortillas.

Composite flours containing 15%, 25%, or 35% of small red, black, pinto, or navy bean flours (BF) and wheat were made into tortillas. Dough rheology, firmness, cohesiveness, rollability, and some physical properties of tortillas were negatively affected as BF concentration increased regardless of bean cultivar. Nutritionally, all bean tortillas had significantly higher levels of crude protein, total phenols, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS(+)) in vitro antioxidant activity (AA) and antinutritional compounds such as phytic acid (PA) and trypsin inhibitors (TI) than the wheat control.

Cognition, continence and transfer status at the time of discharge from an acute hospital setting and their associations with an unfavourable discharge outcome after stroke.

Background: Current demographic trends pose a major societal challenge due to the rising number of older people with chronic conditions such as stroke. The relative impact of various disabilities at the time of discharge from an acute unit on discharge outcome is poorly understood.

Objective: To examine the association between cognition, continence and transfer status at the time of discharge from the acute stroke unit and discharge destination.

Concentrated oat beta-glucan, a fermentable fiber, lowers serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults in a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Soluble fibers lower serum lipids, but are difficult to incorporate into products acceptable to consumers. We investigated the physiological effects of a concentrated oat beta-glucan on cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints in human subjects. We also compared the fermentability of concentrated oat beta-glucan with inulin and guar gum in a model intestinal fermentation system.

Winter excess in hospital admissions, in-patient mortality and length of acute hospital stay in stroke: a hospital database study over six seasonal years in Norfolk, UK.

Background: Several studies have examined the incidence and mortality of stroke in relation to season. However, the evidence is conflicting partly due to variation in the populations (community vs. hospital-based), and in climatic conditions between studies.

Utilisation of diagnostic computerised tomography imaging and immediate clinical outcomes in older people with stroke before and after introduction of the National Service Framework for older people. A comparative study of hospital-based stroke registry data (1997-2003): Norfolk experience.

Introduction: how the National Service Framework (NSF) for older people in England might be associated with changes in clinically relevant stroke outcome has not been investigated. We looked for changes in computerised tomography (CT) scan rate, inpatient case-fatality rate (CFR), length of acute hospital stay and discharge destination for older people with stroke, compared with their younger counterparts, for a period before, and after, the introduction of the NSF.

Methods: two periods, 4 years before and 2 years after the publication of the NSF, were selected to compare the above outcomes between three age categories: < 65, 65-84 and > or = 85 years of age.

Expression of Haemophilus ducreyi collagen binding outer membrane protein NcaA is required for virulence in swine and human challenge models of chancroid.

Haemophilus ducreyi, the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid, has been shown to associate with dermal collagen fibers within infected skin lesions. Here we describe NcaA, a previously uncharacterized outer membrane protein that is important for H. ducreyi collagen binding and host colonization.

Evaluation of a two-centimeter lateral surgical margin for excision of grade I and grade II cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate completeness of excision and clinical outcome in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) excised with a lateral margin of 2 cm and a deep margin of 1 fascial plane.

Design: Prospective study.

Animals: 16 client-owned dogs with 1 or more cutaneous MCTs.

A humoral immune response confers protection against Haemophilus ducreyi infection.

Haemophilus ducreyi is the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid. Neither naturally occurring chancroid nor experimental infection with H. ducreyi results in protective immunity.

[Comparative studies of oat cultivars from Southern Brazil: effect of grain morphology on industrial yield].

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of grain morphology of oats on their industrial yield. The five cultivars studied: CTC3, UFRGS7, UFRGS14, UPF7 and UPF16 were grown in three localities with different soil and climate conditions, for two consecutive years. The parameters evaluated in the oat samples before and after dehulling were grain size and shape (by image analysis), comparing them to industrial yield, weight of a thousand kernels and hectoliter weight.

Visualizing enzyme infusion into apple tissue.

Enzymes traditionally used in food processing are applied to ground or macerated tissue with little or no retention of cellular structure. More recently developed applications use enzymes to selectively alter tissue properties while retaining some structure. Process development has been hindered by the lack of conclusive evidence showing that enzyme infusion into plant tissue pieces is possible.

Evaluation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phenolic acids during grain development and their contribution to Fusarium resistance.

The phenolic acid profiles of six cultivars of wheat with known tolerance to Fusarium head blight were evaluated during plant development from anthesis through maturity. Analysis by HPLC of grain at anthesis revealed that p-coumaric and ferulic acid were the two principal phenolic compounds present. The effect of these two phenolic acids on Fusarium species was evaluated in vitro.

Elderly patients with hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind study of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of fluvastatin.

Background: Coronary heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, a rapidly growing section of the population. Elderly patients have been excluded from most preventative risk factor trials.

Methods: We evaluated fluvastatin, a fully synthetic hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, in white patients older than 60 years, in seven hospital centres.