Initial experience of 980-nm diode laser treatment for recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Introduction: Laser ablation using a 980-nm wavelength diode laser, which is a new-generation laser, for recurrent bladder cancer is known to have a lower incidence of complications and recurrence than conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor surgery. This is the first study to report the use of 980-nm diode laser ablation for recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Japan.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old man underwent transurethral laser ablation for the treatment of recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Urinary continence outcomes after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Significance of anterior reconstruction.

Objective: Urinary continence after radical prostatectomy is a crucial aspect of patient quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing urinary continence after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, focusing on the role of anterior reconstruction.

Methods: We collected clinical data from 375 patients at a single institution.

Measurement of tissue optical properties in the 400 to 700 nm range to assess light penetration depths for laser treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinomas.

Significance: For therapeutic approaches for upper tract urothelial carcinomas, the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of these tissues are essential parameters to quantitatively evaluate the distribution of light treatment effects.

Aim: The and spectra of the human ureter, fatty tissue, ureteral and renal pelvic carcinomas, and porcine ureter and fatty tissue are measured over 400 to 700 nm to evaluate projected light penetration depths .

Approach: The optical properties were determined with a double integrating sphere optical system and inverse Monte Carlo methods.

Comprehensive genomic profiling of primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma, a rare genitourinary cancer: A case report.

Primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare genitourinary cancer. Here, we present the case of a 75-year-old woman where pathological and imaging findings led to the diagnosis of primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma. She underwent treatment with paclitaxel-ifosfamide-cisplatin (TIP).

Comparison of fluorescence intensity of protoporphyrin IX as observed on the screen of different cystoscopic systems.

Background: Photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (PDD-TURBT) is an important and useful intervention used for removing non-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Several PDD devices can be used in clinical practice, but few reports have compared them.In this study, we examined the differences in detected fluorescence intensity for each PDD device.

Effect of extending the period from oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride to photodynamic diagnosis during transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer on diagnostic accuracy and safety: a single-arm multicenter phase III trial.

Background: In Japan, the authorized period (2-4 h) between oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may restrict photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) usage. Therefore, this prospective, single-arm, phase III study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of PDD at an extended administration period (4-8 h).

Methods: From January 2022 to May 2023, 161 patients with NMIBC were enrolled from eight hospitals.

Oncologic and Functional Outcomes of Salvage Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Report of the First 10 Cases.

Background: Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) after PSA failure in patients who underwent initial radiotherapy or focal therapy has rarely been reported in Japan. We aimed to report the oncologic and functional outcomes of the first 10 cases of sRARP.

Methods: Ten patients underwent sRARP after failing to respond to initial radiotherapy or focal therapy.

Glycan-shielded homodimer structure and dynamical features of the canine distemper virus hemagglutinin relevant for viral entry and efficient vaccination.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) belongs to morbillivirus, including measles virus (MeV) and rinderpest virus, which causes serious immunological and neurological disorders in carnivores, including dogs and rhesus monkeys, as recently reported, but their vaccines are highly effective. The attachment glycoprotein hemagglutinin (CDV-H) at the CDV surface utilizes signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and Nectin-4 (also called poliovirus-receptor-like-4; PVRL4) as entry receptors. Although fusion models have been proposed, the molecular mechanism of morbillivirus fusion entry is poorly understood.

Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) possesses distinct molecular profiles that influence progression depending on its biological nature and delivered treatment intensity. Muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC) demonstrate great intrinsic heterogeneity regarding different prognoses, survival, progression, and treatment outcomes. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the standard of care in treating NMIBC and serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes despite the prevalent recurrence and progression among many patients.

Investigation of risk factors for vaginal dehiscence and development of small bowel evisceration after robot-assisted radical cystectomy for female bladder cancer and an improved vaginal reconstruction technique to prevent its onset.

Transvaginal organ prolapse, such as small bowel evisceration, is a rare complication after radical cystectomy (RC) in female patients with invasive bladder cancer, However, it often requires emergency surgical repair. Here, we describe our experience with such a case and a review of similar previously reported cases, along with evaluation of the risk factors. We also propose a vaginal reconstruction technique to prevent this complication during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RARC).

Integrated impact of multiple body composition parameters on overall survival in gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancers: A descriptive cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate if combining low muscle mass with additional body composition abnormalities, such as myosteatosis or adiposity, could improve survival prediction accuracy in a large cohort of gastrointestinal and genitourinary malignancies.

Methods: In total, 2015 patients with surgically-treated gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Skeletal muscle index, skeletal muscle radiodensity, and visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue index were determined.

Intraoperative Blood Flow Evaluation Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography for the Surgical Reconstruction of a Hilar Renal Artery Aneurysm.

Surgical reconstruction is one of the standard treatments for renal artery aneurysm. However, its intraoperative evaluation is sometimes difficult depending on the operative field, aneurysm morphology, and peripheral blood vessel distribution. This case demonstrated that after renal artery reconstruction, indocyanine green fluorescence angiography is used to evaluate the results of repairing.

Outcomes of active surveillance for Japanese patients with prostate cancer (PRIAS-JAPAN).

Objective: To report the outcomes of repeat biopsies, metastasis and survival in the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS)-JAPAN study, a prospective observational study for Japanese patients, initiated in 2010.

Patients And Methods: At the beginning, inclusion criteria were initially low-risk patients, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) <0.2, and ≤2 positive biopsy cores.

Glomerular Endothelial Cell Receptor Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor F5 (ADGRF5) and the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier.

Key Points: Deletion of endothelial receptor adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 in mice led to abnormal structural and functional properties of the glomerular filtration barrier. Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 regulates gene expression of glomerular basement membrane components and a mechanosensitive transcription factor.

Background: Glomerular endothelial cells are recognized to be important for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier.

Potential effect of the non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system on hepatic glucose and energy metabolism.

The vagus nerve belongs to the parasympathetic nervous system, which is involved in the regulation of organs throughout the body. Since the discovery of the non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system (NNCCS), several studies have provided evidence for the positive role of acetylcholine (ACh) released from cardiomyocytes against cardiovascular diseases, such as sympathetic hyperreactivity-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction as well as myocardial infarction. Non-neuronal ACh released from cardiomyocytes is believed to regulate key physiological functions of the heart, such as attenuating heart rate, offsetting hypertrophic signals, maintaining action potential propagation, and modulating cardiac energy metabolism through the muscarinic ACh receptor in an auto/paracrine manner.

Juxtaglomerular apparatus-mediated homeostatic mechanisms: therapeutic implication for chronic kidney disease.

Introduction: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)-mediated homeostatic mechanism links to how sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) slow progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may link to how tolvaptan slows renal function decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

Area Covered: JGA-mediated homeostatic mechanism has been hypothesized based on investigations of tubuloglomerular feedback and renin-angiotensin system. We reviewed clinical trials of SGLT2is and tolvaptan to assess the relationship between this mechanism and these drugs.

Ureteroureterostomy With Near-Infrared Ray Catheter in a Kidney Transplant.

Transplant ureteral stenosis (US) is a complication of kidney transplantation (KT) that sometimes adversely affects kidney function. Endoscopic treatment may be selected as the initial treatment; however, the recurrence rate is high. Ureteral reconstruction is necessary as a secondary treatment, but it is often difficult to identify the transplanted ureter due to reoperation; therefore, transplanted ureter and renal arteriovenous injury are intraoperative complications that should be noted.

Differences in oncological benefits from second transurethral resection between white-light initial surgery and photodynamic diagnosis-guided initial surgery for primary high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between patients receiving second TUR after initial white-light transurethral resection of bladder tumor (WL-TURBT) and initial photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)-assisted TURBT.

Methods: A total of 1007 patients were divided into four groups based on the treatment pattern: WL-TURBT with second TUR (161 patients, WL-second group) or without second TUR (540 patients, WL-alone group) and PDD-TURBT with second TUR (112 patients, PDD-second group) or without second TUR (194 patients, PDD-alone group). Oncologic outcomes (bladder cancer recurrence, progression, urothelial cancer-specific mortality) and rates of residual tumor and risk stratification of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after second TUR were evaluated.

Autologous rectus abdominis fascia sling surgery following unsuccessful synthetic midurethral sling.

Introduction: We performed autologous rectus abdominis fascia sling surgery using Advantage™ following an unsuccessful synthetic midurethral sling.

Case Presentation: At the age of 76 years, the patient experienced stress urinary incontinence recurrence. A 1-h pad test resulted in 259 g of leakage.

Dialysis Duration, Time Interaction, and Visceral Fat Accumulation: A 6-Year Posttransplantation Study.

Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) leads to body composition change, particularly increasing the fat mass. However, limited researches have focused on the long-term follow-up of these changes and factors influencing body composition after KT.

Methods: This study evaluated body composition in 31 adult KT recipients, measuring body mass index (BMI), the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) representing muscle mass, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) representing fat mass, and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMR) representing muscle quality before KT and at 2, 4, and 6 years posttransplantation using computed tomography.