A design principle for neuronal firing with up-down oscillation through Na dynamics.

Nonrapid eye movement sleep is characterized by high-amplitude and low-frequency electroencephalography signals. These signals are thought to be produced by the synchronized activity of cortical neurons, demonstrating the alternating bursting (up) and resting (down) states. Here, such an activity is referred to as up-down oscillation (UDO).

Sex differences in lung cancer survival: long-term trends using population-based cancer registry data in Osaka, Japan.

Objective: Several studies of sex differences in lung cancer survival have been reported. However, large-size population-based studies based on long-term observation are scarce. We investigated long-term trends in sex differences in lung cancer survival using population-based cancer registry data from Osaka, Japan.

Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence Rates by Histological Type in 1975-2008: A Population-Based Study in Osaka, Japan.

Background: Monitoring trends in lung cancer incidence and mortality is important for the evaluation of cancer control activities. We investigated recent trends in age-standardized incidence rates by histological type of lung cancer in Osaka, Japan.

Methods: Cancer incidence data for 1975-2008 were obtained from the Osaka Cancer Registry.