Squamous differentiation and prognosis in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

Squamous differentiation is the most common histological variation in urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the clinical significance of squamous differentiation in upper urinary tract UC is unclear. To investigate the significance of squamous differentiation, hematoxylin and eosin stained slides from 140 patients with upper urinary tract UC who underwent nephroureterectomy were reviewed by a single pathologist and the presence of squamous differentiation was recorded.

Histone methylation-mediated silencing of miR-139 enhances invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer.

MicroRNA expression is frequently altered in human cancers, and some microRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. MiR-139-5p (denoted thereafter as miR-139) has recently been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in several types of human cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer), but its function in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanism of its suppression have not been studied in detail. MiR-139 was suppressed frequently in primary NSCLCs.

Metachronous tubulovillous and tubular adenomas of the anal canal.

Anal canal adenoma is an extremely rare disease that has the potential to transform into a malignant tumor. We herein presented a rare case of metachronous multiple adenomas of the anal canal. A 48-year-old woman underwent total colonoscopy following a positive fecal blood test.

Intimal sarcoma of the abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries presenting as epithelioid angiosarcoma of the skin: a case report.

Intimal sarcoma (IS) is the most common type of sarcoma of the aorta. IS tumor emboli can involve various organs, including the skin. However, a limited number of IS cases with an initial presentation of skin metastasis has been reported.

Putative tumor suppression function of SIRT6 in endometrial cancer.

SIRT6, a member of the sirtuin family, has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor. To pursue the role of SIRT6 in endometrial cancer, we investigated the anti-tumorigenic function of SIRT6. The expression of SIRT6 negatively affected the proliferation of AN3CA and KLE endometrial cancer cells.

Common Postmortem Computed Tomography Findings Following Atraumatic Death: Differentiation between Normal Postmortem Changes and Pathologic Lesions.

Computed tomography (CT) is widely used in postmortem investigations as an adjunct to the traditional autopsy in forensic medicine. To date, several studies have described postmortem CT findings as being caused by normal postmortem changes. However, on interpretation, postmortem CT findings that are seemingly due to normal postmortem changes initially, may not have been mere postmortem artifacts.

Myoepithelioma-like Tumors of the Vulvar Region: A Distinctive Group of SMARCB1-deficient Neoplasms.

We describe 9 tumors that resemble soft tissue myoepitheliomas but possess certain traits that do not fit perfectly into this category. These tumors, herein referred to as "myoepithelioma-like tumors of the vulvar region," occurred in the subcutis of the vulva and surrounding regions of adult women aged 24 to 65 years. Histologically, the tumors measured 2 to 7.

Preoperative evaluation of renal cell carcinoma by using 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the FDG uptake of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by the pathological subtype and nuclear grade.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent F-FDG PET and subsequent partial or radical nephrectomy for renal tumors. The relationships of the SUV of renal tumor with subtypes, nuclear grade, and clinicopathological variables were investigated.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast with prominent osteoclastic giant cells: A case expressing receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL).

Primary sarcomas of the breast are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all breast neoplasms. Leiomyosarcoma is one of the least common breast sarcoma subtypes, and less than 50 cases of primary breast leiomyosarcomas have been reported in the English literature. In other types of leiomyosarcoma, osteoclastic giant cells (OGCs) are occasionally admixed with tumor cells; however, this is rarely seen in primary breast leiomyosarcoma.

Altered expression of AT-rich interactive domain 1A in hepatocellular carcinoma.

AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is a subunit of the Switch/Sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. Recently, genome-wide whole exome sequencing revealed frequent mutations of ARID1A in hepatocellular carcinoma, but clinicopathological significance of ARID1A alteration has not been clarified yet. In this study, expression of ARID1A was investigated immunohistochemically in 290 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas.

Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma with concurrent plasmacytoid and micropapillary differentiations: A report of two cases with an emphasis on serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9.

We report two cases of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). In both, histological examination of a transurethral resection specimen of the bladder tumor revealed UC with plasmacytoid and micropapillary differentiations. In Case 1, residual plasmacytoid UC deeply invaded the extravesical fat tissue of the radical cystectomy specimen, and metastatic carcinoma was found in almost all the dissected lymph nodes.

Integrated copy number and expression analysis identifies profiles of whole-arm chromosomal alterations and subgroups with favorable outcome in ovarian clear cell carcinomas.

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) is generally associated with chemoresistance and poor clinical outcome, even with early diagnosis; whereas high-grade serous carcinomas (SCs) and endometrioid carcinomas (ECs) are commonly chemosensitive at advanced stages. Although an integrated genomic analysis of SC has been performed, conclusive views on copy number and expression profiles for CCC are still limited. In this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism analysis with 57 epithelial ovarian cancers (31 CCCs, 14 SCs, and 12 ECs) and microarray expression analysis with 55 cancers (25 CCCs, 16 SCs, and 14 ECs).

90Y-Labeled Anti-ROBO1 Monoclonal Antibody Exhibits Antitumor Activity against Small Cell Lung Cancer Xenografts.

Introduction: ROBO1 is a membrane protein that contributes to tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. We previously reported that 90Y-labeled anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody (90Y-anti-ROBO1 IgG) showed an antitumor effect against ROBO1-positive tumors. In this study, we performed a biodistribution study and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) against ROBO1-positive small cell lung cancer (SCLC) models.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the greater omentum, mimicking gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the small intestine: a case report.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is one of the mesenchymal tumors, which rarely arises in the abdominal space. We report a very rare case of abdominal SFT, mimicking another mesenchymal tumor. A 52-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment of gallbladder polyp.

Nerve Growth Factor Signals as Possible Pathogenic Biomarkers for Perineural Invasion in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

Objective: The molecular mechanisms underlying perineural invasion (PNI)-a characteristic pathological feature of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)-remain largely unclear. Recently, nerve growth factor (NGF) has been implicated in perineural invasion in certain malignancies. Overexpression of Myb related to the MYB-NFIB fusion gene in ACC has also been correlated with perineural invasion and survival.

Alpha-fetoprotein-producing early rectal carcinoma: a rare case report and review.

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing rectal cancer is very rare, and this type of cancer frequently metastasizes to the liver with a poor prognosis. To date, only 11 cases of AFP-producing colorectal cancer have been reported.

Case Presentation: A 41-year-old woman was first presented to the hospital for anal bleeding.

Chronic optogenetic activation augments aβ pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.

In vivo experimental evidence indicates that acute neuronal activation increases Aβ release from presynaptic terminals, whereas long-term effects of chronic synaptic activation on Aβ pathology remain unclear. To address this issue, we adopted optogenetics and transduced stabilized step-function opsin, a channelrhodopsin engineered to elicit a long-lasting neuronal hyperexcitability, into the hippocampal perforant pathway of APP transgenic mice. In vivo microdialysis revealed a ∼24% increase in the hippocampal interstitial fluid Aβ42 levels immediately after acute light activation.

HPV-16 impairs the subcellular distribution and levels of expression of protein phosphatase 1γ in cervical malignancy.

Background: The high risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoproteins play an essential role in the development of cervical malignancy. Important cellular targets of E6 include p53 and the PDZ domain containing substrates such as hScrib and Dlg. We recently showed that hScrib activity was mediated in part through recruitment of protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ).

The role of HGF/MET and FGF/FGFR in fibroblast-derived growth stimulation and lapatinib-resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Although advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is treated using a multidisciplinary approach, outcomes remain unsatisfactory. The microenvironment of cancer cells has recently been shown to strongly influence the biologic properties of malignancies. We explored the effect of supernatant from esophageal fibroblasts on the cell growth and chemo-resistance of ESCC cell lines.

RHOA mutation in diffuse-type gastric cancer: a comparative clinicopathology analysis of 87 cases.

Background: Recent studies have discovered recurrent RHOA mutations in diffuse-type gastric cancers. These reports show mutant RhoA is an important cancer driver and is a potential therapeutic target. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological features of diffuse-type gastric cancers with RHOA mutation.

Maxillary carcinosarcoma: Identification of a novel MET mutation in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components through next generation sequencing.

Background: Carcinosarcoma is a rare tumor with biphasic growth of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Prognosis is generally poor and characterization of the molecular mechanisms may provide information for the development of novel antitumor agents and biomarkers.

Methods And Results: We present the case of 66-year-old man with a complaint of nasal obstruction.

Distribution of intestinal metaplasia as a predictor of gastric cancer development.

Background And Aim: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are known risk factors for gastric cancer. In the present study, we conducted a cohort study to evaluate the predictive value of the distribution of IM for gastric cancer development.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a university hospital.