Effects of parenteral nutrition supplemented with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on gut-associated lymphoid tissue and morphology in mice.

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral nutrition (EN) leads to marked atrophy of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), causing mucosal defense failure in both the gut and the extraintestinal mucosal system. We evaluated the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on GALT and gut morphology in PN-fed mice.

Methods: Experiment 1: male Institute of Cancer Research mice were assigned to the Chow (n = 12), Control (standard PN: n = 10), or H600 and H2000 (PN containing 600 mg/kg or H2000 mg/kg body weight of Ca-HMB: n = 12 and 10, respectively) groups.

Phosphorylation of plasma membrane H-ATPase Thr881 participates in light-induced stomatal opening.

Plasma membrane (PM) H-ATPase is crucial for light-induced stomatal opening and phosphorylation of a penultimate residue, Thr948 (pen-Thr, numbering according to Arabidopsis AHA1) is required for enzyme activation. In this study, a comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis using guard cell protoplasts from Vicia faba shows that both red and blue light increase the phosphorylation of Thr881, of PM H-ATPase. Light-induced stomatal opening and the blue light-induced increase in stomatal conductance are reduced in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing mutant AHA1-T881A in aha1-9, whereas the blue light-induced phosphorylation of pen-Thr is unaffected.

In vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host Hyalomma excavatum and Hyalomma scupense and three-host Hyalomma dromedarii ticks.

Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites and can transmit various pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. The life cycle of ticks can be completed under laboratory conditions on experimental animals, but the artificial feeding of ticks has attracted increased interest as an alternative method. This study represents the first report on the successful in vitro feeding of all life stages of two-host tick species, Hyalomma scupense and Hyalomma excavatum, and the three-host tick Hyalomma dromedarii.

Reduced volume and altered composition of paraspinal muscles in Marfan syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.

Retrospective cohort study. Spinal deformities in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) are distinct from those in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). It is more prone to progression and more likely to present with sagittal malalignment than IS.

Novel SPE purification approach using the direct adsorption of vaporised propionic acid in food for rapid HPLC determination.

Solid phase extraction (SPE) is a technique widely used in food analysis for the isolation of analytes. Herein, we proposed a novel application of SPE to extract vaporised propionic acid, a common preservative, from a heated sample solution. A sample was heated under acidified conditions and the resulting steam was directly passed through an SPE column to extract the propionic acid, followed by elution and HPLC analysis.

Multicenter randomized control study of the efficacy of SO clip in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). (SO clip study in colorectal ESD): Randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows the en bloc resection of colorectal epithelial tumors regardless of size. Although ESD is minimally invasive and yields favorable outcomes, it is technically difficult and requires a long procedure time. In addition, colorectal ESD is associated with a particularly high risk of complications, due to the thin bowel wall, bowel flexion, and peristalsis.

PECT1, a rate-limiting enzyme in phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, is involved in the regulation of stomatal movement in Arabidopsis.

An Arabidopsis mutant displaying impaired stomatal responses to CO , cdi4, was isolated by a leaf thermal imaging screening. The mutated gene PECT1 encodes CTP:phosphorylethanolamine cytidylyltransferase. The cdi4 exhibited a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine levels and a defect in light-induced stomatal opening as well as low-CO -induced stomatal opening.

[Internal Quality Control of Residual Pesticides Analysis Using Multiple Stable Isotope Labeled Compounds].

Internal quality control (IQC) is essential to ensure the reliability of the results of chemical analysis. In this study, we propose a novel method of IQC for multiresidue analysis of pesticides. A total of seven stable isotope labeled compounds (SILC) were added to analytical samples and were used to monitor and evaluate the quality of analytical results.

Prehabilitation Ameliorates Gut Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice.

Introduction: We previously demonstrated that prehabilitation by running on a treadmill leads to improved survival after gut ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in mice. The purpose of this research was to examine whether prehabilitation attenuates inflammatory responses after gut I/R in mice.

Materials And Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (n = 92) were assigned to the sedentary (n = 46) or the exercise (n = 46) group.

Elevated CO induces rapid dephosphorylation of plasma membrane H -ATPase in guard cells.

Light induces stomatal opening, which is driven by plasma membrane (PM) H -ATPase in guard cells. The activation of guard-cell PM H -ATPase is mediated by phosphorylation of the penultimate C-terminal residue, threonine. The phosphorylation is induced by photosynthesis as well as blue light photoreceptor phototropin.

Lipid Compositions of Total Parenteral Nutrition Affect Gut Peyer's Patches and Morphology in Mice.

Introduction: Although parenteral nutrition (PN) is the only option for providing adequate nutrition to patients who cannot tolerate oral ingestion, it severely impairs intestinal barrier function in terms of morphology and immunity. While addition of either soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) to PN partially reverses these defects, the effects of the oil composition (FO/SO ratio) on morphology and gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) have yet to be elucidated. We focused on the effects of the FO/SO ratio in PN on the number of lymphocytes in Peyer's patches, immunoglobulin A levels, and intestinal structures.

ETS1 loss in mice impairs cardiac outflow tract septation via a cell migration defect autonomous to the neural crest.

Ets1 deletion in some mouse strains causes septal defects and has been implicated in human congenital heart defects in Jacobsen syndrome, in which one copy of the Ets1 gene is missing. Here, we demonstrate that loss of Ets1 in mice results in a decrease in neural crest (NC) cells migrating into the proximal outflow tract cushions during early heart development, with subsequent malalignment of the cushions relative to the muscular ventricular septum, resembling double outlet right ventricle (DORV) defects in humans. Consistent with this, we find that cultured cardiac NC cells from Ets1 mutant mice or derived from iPS cells from Jacobsen patients exhibit decreased migration speed and impaired cell-to-cell interactions.

Randomized controlled phase I trial for a novel peripheral parenteral nutrition formula containing dextrose, amino acids, fat emulsion, electrolytes, and FDA2000 recommendation-based vitamins.

Background & Aims: We developed the world's first all-in-one type peripheral parenteral nutrition product containing dextrose, amino acids, fat emulsion, electrolytes and vitamins, according to the FDA 2000 recommendation. This phase I trial examined the safety and changes in nutritional parameters in healthy participants.

Methods: A single-center, randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial was performed in single ascending dose (SAD: Step 1-3) and multiple dose (Step 4) studies.

Postoperative Vitamin Profile after Receiving a Novel Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition Solution: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial.

Introduction: We assessed the efficacy and safety of OPF-105, a novel all-in-one peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solution containing multivitamins by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2000 (FDA2000 recommendation).

Traction method versus conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasms: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced therapeutic technique for en bloc resection of superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms. Although gastric ESD is minimally invasive and provides favorable outcomes, it is technically difficult and requires a long procedure time for dissection. The traction-assisted approach overcomes some of the difficulties of gastric ESD, but its ability to reduce the procedure time remains unclear.

Quantitative analysis of organophosphate pesticides and dialkylphosphates in duplicate diet samples to identify potential sources of measured urinary dialkylphosphates in Japanese women.

Increased levels of dialkylphosphates (DAP) in maternal urine are associated with a variety of adverse developmental outcomes in children. Although urinary DAP levels are usually considered to be a marker of exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, excretion of DAP may also increase by ingesting preformed DAP. To date, no study has quantitatively assessed the possible contribution of the dietary intake of preformed DAP and OP pesticides to urinary levels of DAP.

Identification of Abscisic Acid-Dependent Phosphorylated Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors in Guard Cells of by Mass Spectrometry.

An unknown 61 kDa protein is phosphorylated by abscisic acid (ABA)-activated protein kinase in response to ABA and binds to 14-3-3 protein in a phosphorylation-dependent manner in guard-cell protoplasts (GCPs) from . Subsequently, ABA-dependent phosphorylated proteins were identified as basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, named ABA-responsive kinase substrates (AKSs) in GCPs from . However, whether the 61 kDa protein in GCPs is an AKS is unclear.

Identification of Genes Preferentially Expressed in Stomatal Guard Cells of and Involvement of the Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporter 6 Vacuolar Malate Channel in Stomatal Opening.

Stomatal guard cells (GCs) are highly specialized cells that respond to various stimuli, such as blue light (BL) and abscisic acid, for the regulation of stomatal aperture. Many signaling components that are involved in the stomatal movement are preferentially expressed in GCs. In this study, we identified four new such genes in addition to an aluminum-activated malate transporter, , and GDSL lipase, (), based on the expression analysis using public resources, reverse transcription PCR, and promoter-driven β-glucuronidase assays.

Diffusion MR Imaging with T2-based Water Suppression (T2wsup-dMRI).

Purpose: This study proposes and assesses a new diffusion MRI (dMRI) technique to solve problems related to the quantification of parameter maps (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] or mean diffusivity [MD], fractional anisotropy [FA]) and misdrawing of fiber tractography (FT) due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-partial volume effects (PVEs) for brain tissues by combining with the T2-based water suppression (T2wsup) technique.

Methods: T2wsup-diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) images were obtained by subtracting those images from the acquired multi-b value (b) DWI images after correcting the signal intensities of multiecho time (TE) images using long TE water signal-dominant images. Quantitative parameter maps and FT were obtained from minimum data points and were compared with those using the standard (without wsup) DWI method, and partly compared with those obtained using other alternative DWI methods of applying fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR), non-b-zero (NBZ) by theoretical or noise-added simulation and MR images.

Benzpyrimoxan: Design, synthesis, and biological activity of a novel insecticide.

Benzpyrimoxan (5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy}pyrimidine, NNI-1501) was discovered as a novel insecticide structurally characterized by a pyrimidine derivative substituted with 1,3-dioxanyl and 4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy groups. The compound showed remarkable activity against nymphs of rice planthoppers, including strains resistant to existing insecticides. Furthermore, benzpyrimoxan had low adverse effects on pollinators and beneficial arthropods.

Diets with high carbohydrate contents were associated with refeeding hypophosphatemia: A retrospective study in Japanese inpatients with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: Refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) is a potentially fatal complication in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and its dietary preventive strategy is not well established. We aimed to examine the association between carbohydrate content in the diet and the occurrence of RH in inpatients with AN via retrospective medical chart review.

Method: We performed a chart review to collect data of patients with AN hospitalized at the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine of the University of Tokyo Hospital between April 1, 2012, and February 29, 2020.

Synthetic MRI with T-based Water Suppression to Reduce Hyperintense Artifacts due to CSF-Partial Volume Effects in the Brain.

Purpose: Our purpose was to assess our proposed new synthetic MRI (synMRI) technique, combined with T-based water suppression (Twsup), to reduce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)-partial volume effects (PVEs). These PVEs are problematic in the T-weighted fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images obtained by conventional synMRI techniques.

Methods: Our Twsup was achieved by subtracting additionally acquired long TE spin echo (SE) images of water signals dominant from the originally acquired images after T decay correction and a masking on the long TE image using the water volume (V) map to preserve tissue SNR, followed by quantitative mapping and then calculation of the synthetic images.

Influence of a Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Peritoneal Inflammation, Cancer-Associated Lymphocytes, and Survival in a Murine Carcinomatous Peritonitis Model.

Background: Low-carbohydrate high-fat diets (LCHFDs) are thought to be beneficial for metabolic support in patients with advanced cancer. However, whether LCHFDs affect the progression of carcinomatous peritonitis (CP) remains unclear. Our study examined the influence of a lard-based LCHFD on host immunity and survival in a murine CP model.