Optimal design and experimental research on the spiral groove wheel fertilizer apparatus.

As the "core" of fertilizer machinery, the fertilizer apparatus has a significant impact on the effect of fertilization operation. At present, the straight-grooves type external groove wheel fertilizer apparatus is widely used, which has the problem that the fertilizer flow fluctuates periodically and is not conducive to precision fertilization. Therefore a kind of the spiral groove wheel fertilizer apparatus is proposed in the paper, and the designed fertilizer apparatus is experimented and optimized by using Design-Expert Software 10 and a self-made fertilizer experiment bench.

Design and parameter study of banana crown mechanical cutting device.

Banana mechanical crown cutting tool which is a critical component of banana crown cutting machine is designed and studied in this paper. Experiments were designed to optimize parameters of the cutting tool. Indexes are cut surface quality grade of banana crown, maximum cutting force and useful power consumption.

Motivational interviewing to reduce anthropometrics among children: A meta-analysis, moderation analysis and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment.

Background: Limited systematic reviews exist to evaluate the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) on children's anthropometric factors.

Objective: This review examined the effects of MI interventions for children and/or parents on children's anthropometric factors and included moderation analyses and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, we searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, SPORTDiscus, Education Resources Information Center, and Web of Science in December 2020.

Attending After-School Physical Activity Club 2 Days a Week Attenuated an Increase in Percentage Body Fat and a Decrease in Fitness Among Adolescent Girls at Risk for Obesity.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a 17-week intervention, including an after-school physical activity (PA) club 3 d/wk, on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index (BMI) score, percentage body fat (%BF), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among fifth to eighth grade girls having a BMI score ≥0, and explore whether intervention outcomes varied by club attendance (1 vs 2 vs 3 d/wk).

Design: Secondary analysis of data from a group randomized controlled trial (N = 1519, 10- to 15-year-old girls: n = 753 intervention; n = 766 control).

Setting: Twenty-four Midwestern US schools (n = 12 intervention; n = 12 control).

Moderators in a physical activity intervention for adolescent girls.

Background: The purpose was to explore whether baseline sociodemographic and physical characteristics moderated effects of an intervention on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), percent body fat, body mass index z-score, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) at post intervention, relative to the control condition.

Methods: A secondary analysis of data from a group randomized trial including 24 schools (12 intervention and 12 control; N = 1519 girls) was conducted. Age, ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, and pubertal stage were assessed via survey.

Mediators of Physical Activity Behavior Change in the "Girls on the Move" Intervention.

Background: The minimal effect of interventions to date on increasing young adolescent girls' physical activity (PA) may be due to inadequate understanding of the mechanisms underlying behavior change, yet sparse research testing a PA intervention has examined the capacity of theories to explain PA, particularly when using objective measures.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine whether constructs from the health promotion model and self-determination theory mediated changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) following a 17-week intervention.

Methods: The study was a secondary analysis of data from a group randomized trial, including 12 intervention and 12 control schools in the Midwestern United States.

Effects of a High Protein Food Supplement on Physical Activity, Motor Performance and Health Related Quality of Life of HIV Infected Botswana Children on Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART).

Objective: Despite existing evidence about the benefits of nutrition, physical activity (PA) and sport to the overall health and wellbeing of children, knowledge gaps remain on this relationship in children living with chronic conditions like HIV/AIDS. Such knowledge should inform context specific programs that could enhance the quality of life of children. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of integrating a nutrition intervention (culturally tailored food supplement) into antiretroviral therapy (ART) on psychosocial outcomes and physical activity among HIV-positive children in Botswana.

Lifestyle Interventions in Preschool Children: A Meta-analysis of Effectiveness.

Context: With healthy behaviors becoming established in the preschool years, intervening with preschool children to assist them in establishing a healthy lifestyle and maintaining a long-term healthy weight is critical. To optimize future intervention designs, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate the effects of lifestyle interventions on BMI among preschool children and explore potential intervention moderators.

Evidence Acquisition: In October 2015, a search of PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Cochrane library databases yielded 52 eligible articles with 42 randomized intervention-control comparisons (31 prevention and 11 treatment).

Interventions to prevent and manage overweight or obesity in preschool children: A systematic review.

Objectives: The preschool period is a pivotal time for lifestyle interventions to begin the establishment of long-term physical activity and healthy eating habits. This systematic review sought to (a) examine the effects of prevention and management interventions on overweight/obesity among children aged 2-5 years, and (b) explore factors that may influence intervention effects.

Design: A systematic review of randomized controlled studies was conducted.

Interventions to Increase Physical Activity in Children Aged 2-5 Years: A Systematic Review.

Comprehensive evaluation of prior interventions designed to increase preschoolers' physical activity is lacking. This systematic review aimed to examine the effect of interventions on objectively measured physical activity in children aged 2-5 years. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.