Evaluation of optimal timing and therapeutic efficacy of radium-223 therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicenter collaborative study.

Background: Despite its demonstrated efficacy in prolonging overall survival (OS) and delaying skeletal-related events in the ALSYMPCA trial, the optimal timing of radium-223 initiation remains unclear. This study investigated factors influencing radium-223 treatment outcomes, including completion rates and survival.

Methods: This retrospective, multi-institutional study included 164 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who received radium-223 therapy.

Case of Life-threating Asthma Exacerbation Successfully Treated with Benralizumab.

A 52-year-old Japanese man with a history of childhood asthma presented at our emergency department with progressive dyspnea. Despite subcutaneous adrenaline injections, salbutamol nebulization, and intravenous methylprednisolone, the carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO) increased to 110 mmHg. The patient was intubated, and mechanical ventilation was initiated because of severe respiratory failure.

CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland exhibit mesenchymal stem cell characteristics.

Adult tissue stem cells of the anterior pituitary gland, CD9/SOX2-positive cells, are believed to exist in the marginal cell layer (MCL) bordering the residual lumen of the Rathke's pouch. These cells migrate from the intermediate lobe side of the MCL (IL-MCL) to the anterior lobe side of the MCL and may be involved in supplying hormone-producing cells. Previous studies reported that some SOX2-positive cells of the anterior lobe differentiate into skeletal muscle cells.

Post-operative vestibular function outcomes evaluated by video Head Impulse Test in patients with non-vestibular schwannoma cerebellopontine angle tumors.

Objectives: To evaluate post-operative semicircular canal function in patients with non-vestibular schwannoma (VS) cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors by video Head Impulse Test (vHIT).

Methods: Fourteen patients with non-VS CPA tumors who underwent surgery. The gain in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was examined pre- and post-operatively for the semicircular canals in patients with non-VS CPA tumors.

Cough and sputum symptoms reduce physical activity in patients with NTM pulmonary disease.

Although physical activity is an important outcome in patients with chronic respiratory disease, it has not been characterised in those with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). This study aimed to evaluate physical activity and its associated factors in patients with NTM-PD.This prospective observational study measured daily step counts using an accelerometer to assess physical activity (steps per day).

Association Between Self-Reported Sitting Time and the Physical Function Domain of the Kihon Checklist Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective Interventions that reduce sitting time are easier to implement than those that aim to increase physical activity in compliance with the guidelines. There is no consensus on the association between sitting time as assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and physical function. We investigated the association between self-reported sitting time and physical function according to the Kihon Checklist (KCL) among community-dwelling older adults.

Toward an Asian-based bodily movement database for emotional communication.

Most current databases for bodily emotion expression are created in Western countries, resulting in culturally skewed representations. To address the obvious risk this bias poses to academic comprehension, we attempted to expand the current repertoire of human bodily emotions by recruiting Asian professional performers to wear whole-body suits with 57 retroreflective markers attached to major joints and body segments, and express seven basic emotions with whole-body movements in a motion-capture lab. For each emotion, actors performed three self-created scenarios that covered a broad range of real-life events to elicit the target emotion within 2-5 seconds.

Clinical usefulness of an ultra-high-sensitivity hepatitis B surface antigen assay to determine the cessation of treatment for HBV reactivation.

Introduction And Objectives: We aimed to compare the usefulness of the ultra-high-sensitivity hepatitis B surface antigen (iTACT-HBsAg), high-sensitivity hepatitis B core-related antigen (iTACT-HBcrAg), and anti-HBs assays in determination of cessation of nucleot(s)ide analogue (NA) treatment to prevent against hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-two patients who developed HBV reactivation under immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy and had been administered NA and subsequently discontinued were enrolled. The stored serum samples taken at NA cessation were applied to iTACT-HBsAg (lower limit of detection; 0.

Measurement Method of Femoral Anteversion During Surgery for Trochanteric Fractures.

The acceptable range of bilateral differences in the femoral rotation is ≤15°, as a difference in femoral rotation over 15° may cause functional disturbance. However, femoral trochanteric fractures do not have clear indicators of rotation during surgery. This study aimed to verify the accuracy of this novel method for measuring femoral anteversion during trochanteric fracture surgery.

Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in gynecological cancer: the GOTIC-VTE trial.

Real-world data on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Japanese patients with gynecological cancer are lacking. The GOTIC-VTE trial aimed to evaluate the frequency of VTE-associated events and risk factors at the time of cancer diagnosis and during 1-year follow-up. From July 2017 to February 2019, patients with endometrial, cervical, ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer who underwent VTE screening within 2 months before registration, were enrolled.

Convex endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscope may enhance visualization and diagnosis by respiratory physicians: Clinical image of an endoscopic ultrasound with bronchoscope.

Herein, we present the detection of two cystic lesions via the transesophageal route using endobronchial ultrasound and emphasize the fact that understanding the anatomy may enhance the diagnostic yield.

Quantifying the Reversibility of Clofazimine-induced Pigmentation in a Patient with Mycobacterium abscessus Pulmonary Disease.

A 45-year-old woman with Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease was treated with multidrug therapy, including clofazimine, at Fukujuji Hospital. Six months after clofazimine initiation, the treatment was discontinued at the patient's request due to hyperpigmentation. Pigmentation is a critical side effect of clofazimine.

Evaluation of the ionization efficiency in phosphatidylcholine positional isomers with docosahexaenoic acid bound to the sn-1 or sn-2 position.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC), a key phospholipid, contains 2 fatty acids that can be bound at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, resulting in positional isomers when different fatty acids are attached. Currently, there is no established method for identifying phospholipid molecular species and quantifying individual isomers using authentic standards of each PC isomer. In this study, we prepare authentic analytical standards for PC positional isomers through chemical synthesis and preparative purification.

Feasibility study of the e-learning version of the "Journey of the Brave:" a universal anxiety-prevention program based on cognitive behavioral therapy.

Background: School-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs could contribute toward preventing anxiety disorders in children. However, setting aside class time for such programs is difficult. Internet-based CBT (I-CBT) is an efficient way to provide CBT.

STALL-seq: mRNA-display selection of bacterial and eukaryotic translational arrest sequences from large random-sequence libraries.

The translational arrest is a phenomenon wherein a temporary pause or slowing of the translation elongation reaction occurs due to the interaction between ribosome and nascent peptide. Recent studies have revealed that translational arrest peptides are involved in intracellular protein homeostasis regulatory functions, such as gene expression regulation at the translational level and regulation of cotranslational protein folding. Herein, we established a method for the large-scale in vitro selection of translational arrest peptides from DNA libraries by combining a modified mRNA display method and deep sequencing.

Adverse events in the placebo arm of SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21 maintenance trial of olaparib in recurrent ovarian cancer.

Background: In women with platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC) undergoing maintenance treatment, adverse events (AEs) not attributable to the current treatment are not well understood. We used data from SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21 to evaluate AEs reported in the placebo arm and to explore their longitudinal trajectories.

Methods: SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21 (NCT01874353) randomly assigned 295 PSROC participants with a BRCA1/2 mutation to maintenance olaparib tablets (N = 196) or matching placebo (N = 99).

Anillin actin-binding protein expression correlates with poor prognosis for prostate cancer patients.

Objective: Octamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1), a transcription factor that interacts with androgen receptor, is involved in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. The OCT1 target gene, Anillin actin-binding protein (), is highly expressed in castration-resistant PCa tissue; however, it remains unclear whether ANLN expression in hormone-sensitive PCa tissue could be used as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis of patients. We aimed to investigate ANLN expression in PCa tissue obtained via radical prostatectomy and its correlation with clinical parameters.

Eugenol and basil essential oil as priming agents for enhancing Arabidopsis immune response.

Plants, as sessile organisms, must adapt to environmental changes and defend themselves against biotic stress, including pathogen attack. Their immune responses entail recognition of pathogen patterns, activation of defense mechanisms, and accumulation of various antimicrobial compounds. Eugenol, abundant in basil, has antibacterial properties and enhances plant resistance to viruses.

Effects of Cimetidine and Dolutegravir on the Endogenous Drug-Drug Interaction Biomarkers for Organic Cation Transporter 2 and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 in Healthy Volunteers.

This study was designed to assess the quantitative performance of endogenous drug-drug interaction (DDI) biomarkers (N1-methylnicotinamide (1-NMN), N1-methyladenosine (mA), and creatinine) for the organic cation transporters, OCT2 and MATE1/2K in the kidney. Ten healthy volunteers received cimetidine (400 and 800 mg, single dose) or dolutegravir (50 mg, twice a day) together with metformin (500 mg). Cimetidine and dolutegravir were considered to act mainly as MATE1/2K and OCT2 inhibitors, respectively.

Percutaneous laryngeal elevation technique to achieve excellent hypopharyngeal exposure in transoral surgery.

Endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery (ELPS) is a transoral surgery performed for the treatment of early-stage pharyngeal and supralaryngeal cancer. In Japan, ELPS is often chosen for transoral resection of hypopharyngeal cancer. However, in cases of trismus, exposing the hypopharynx even with ELPS using a curved laryngoscope may not be possible.

Therapeutic Host Anticancer Immune Response through Photoimmunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer May Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Introduction: Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently developed hybrid cancer therapy that directly kills cancer cells while producing a therapeutic host anticancer immune response. The activation of host immunity using NIR-PIT can enhance the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in animal experimental models; however, there have been no reports of this phenomenon in humans. Furthermore, by activating host immunity using NIR-PIT in patients who have become resistant to ICIs, the effects of ICIs can be restored.