[Awareness of issues in research and educational activities and expectations for young researchers' activities and supporting].

Objectives: To understand the actual situation and needs of young researchers and to provide reference for the management of Young Researchers Association (YRA) and the Japanese Society for Hygiene activities in the future.

Methods: An Internet survey was conducted on 67 members registered in YRA of the Japanese Society for Hygiene. The questions included those on basic information, research content and impressions about the activities of the society.

Color vision evolution in egg-laying mammals: insights from visual photoreceptors and daily activities of Australian echidnas.

Egg-laying mammals (monotremes) are considered "primitive" due to traits such as oviparity, cloaca, and incomplete homeothermy, all of which they share with reptiles. Two groups of monotremes, the terrestrial echidna (Tachyglossidae) and semiaquatic platypus (Ornithorhynchidae), have evolved highly divergent characters since their emergence in the Cenozoic era. These evolutionary differences, notably including distinct electrosensory and chemosensory systems, result from adaptations to species-specific habitat conditions.

Association between lignan polyphenol bioavailability and enterotypes of isoflavone metabolism: A cross-sectional analysis.

Lignan polyphenols derived from plants are metabolized by bacteria in the gut to mammalian lignans, such as enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol (END). Mammalian lignan intake has been reported to be associated with obesity and low blood glucose levels. However, the factors that are responsible for individual differences in the metabolic capacity for ENL and END are not well understood.

Association between urinary zinc excretion and isoflavone-metabolizing enterotypes among Japanese females: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Zinc absorption and competition among gut bacteria have been reported in animal studies. Thus, gut bacteria may modify zinc availability in humans. Metabolism of intestinal bacteria is known to be necessary for the activation of several phytoconstituents in the body.

Nitric oxide synthase contributes to the maintenance of LTP in the oxytocin-mRFP1 neuron of the rat hypothalamus.

Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide hormone that plays a critical role in nociception. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a major form of synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Recently, LTP has been reported in the hypothalamus; however, data on LTP in hypothalamic OXT-ergic neurons are unclear.

Chemogenetic Activation of Oxytocin Neurons Improves Pain in a Reserpine-induced Fibromyalgia Rat Model.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain with depression as a frequent comorbidity. However, efficient management of the pain and depressive symptoms of FM is lacking. Given that endogenous oxytocin (OXT) contributes to the regulation of pain and depressive disorders, herein, we investigated the role of OXT in an experimental reserpine-induced FM model.

Detection of the Vesical Arteries Using Three-dimensional Digital Subtraction Angiography Relevant to Intra-arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer Using Double-balloon Catheters.

Purpose: This study aims to assess and measure the origin of the superior vesical artery and its distance from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, to which the anticancer drug is infused via double-balloon-occluded arterial infusion bladder-preserving therapy for locally invasive bladder cancer.

Material And Methods: The 160 pelvic sides of 80 patients were analyzed. Double-balloon catheters were bilaterally introduced into the contralateral superior gluteal artery via the internal iliac arteries using a bilateral transfemoral approach.

Endovascular and Percutaneous Embolotherapy for the Body and Extremity Arteriovenous Malformations.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) consist of abnormal communications between the arteries and veins. They can involve any part of the body and extremity and grow in proportion to age and in response to hormonal influence or trauma. When symptoms progress from Schöbinger clinical stage II to III, transcatheter and/or direct puncture embolization are less-invasive and repeatable options for symptom palliation.

Supported Noble Metal Catalysts and Adsorbents with Soft Lewis Acid Functions.

Heterogeneous noble metal catalysts exhibit various functions. Although their redox functions have been extensively studied, we focused on their soft Lewis acid functions. Supported Au, Pt, and Pd catalysts electrophilically attack the π-electrons of soft bases such as alkynes, alkenes, and aromatic compounds to perform addition and substitution reactions.

Validity and application of Doiguchi's pelvic tilt measurement method.

Background: The validity of Doiguchi's pelvic tilt measurement method has not been proven. The objective in our study was to validate the method.

Methods: Our investigation included 73 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed using our cup placement procedure from July 2020 to November 2021.

Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid, a biomarker of fish consumption, is associated with perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid exposure in residents of Kyoto, Japan: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are highly fluorinated organic compounds that have been widely used in industry during the past few decades. The main exposure routes for PFASs are thought to be the diet, drinking water, and dust. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs, members of the PFAS family) and the plasma eicosapentaenoic acid-to-arachidonic acid ratio (EPA/AA), a biological indicator of seafood intake, to determine whether seafood intake may represent a means of exposure to PFASs in the Japanese population.

Solid acid-catalyzed one-step synthesis of oleacein from oleuropein.

In this study, we developed a new synthetic strategy to convert secoiridoid glucosides into unique dialdehydic compounds using solid acid catalysts. Specifically, we succeeded in the direct synthesis of oleacein, a rare component of extra-virgin olive oil, from oleuropein, which is abundant in olive leaves. Whereas the conventional total synthesis of oleacein from lyxose requires more than 10 steps, these solid acid catalysts enabled the one-step synthesis of oleacein from oleuropein.

Temporal trends in bisphenol exposures and associated health risk among Japanese women living in the Kyoto area from 1993 to 2016.

Background: Bisphenols, and especially bisphenol A, are widely used as components of epoxy resins and polycarbonate. Widespread detection and potential health risks have led to bisphenol A being replaced by other alternatives, including structurally similar bisphenol analogs. Several bisphenol analogs are suspected to have similar adverse health consequences.

Programmed intermittent bolus infusion vs. continuous infusion for erector spinae plane block in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Background: The optimal form of administration for erector spinae plane block has not been established.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of programmed intermittent bolus infusion (PIB) and continuous infusion for erector spinae plane block.

Design: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study.

Controlled Growth of Platinum Nanoparticles on Amorphous Silica from Grafted Pt-Disilicate Complexes.

Supported platinum nanoparticles are currently the most functional catalysts applied in commercial chemical processes. Although investigations have been performed to improve the dispersion and thermal stability of Pt particles, it is challenging to apply amorphous silica supports to these systems owing to various Pt species derived from the non-uniform surface structure of the amorphous support. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of amorphous silica-supported Pt nanoparticles from (cod)Pt-disilicate complex (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), which forms bis-grafted surface Pt species regardless of surface heterogeneity.

Diabetes Mellitus May Exacerbate Liver Injury in Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center, Observational, Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is having a profound effect on global health. In this study, we investigated early predictors of severe prognosis from the perspective of liver injury and risk factors for severe liver injury in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We examined prognostic markers and risk factors for severe liver injury by analyzing clinical data measured throughout the course of the illness and the disease severity of 273 patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Effects of the Pt Shell Thickness on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on a Well-Defined Pd@Pt Core-Shell Model Surface.

The effect of the Pt shell thickness on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of a Pd@Pt core-shell catalyst was studied using surface science technics and computational approaches. We found Pt shells on Pd rods to be negatively charged because of charge transfer from the Pd substrate when the shell thicknesses were 0.5 or 1 monolayer (ML).

Upregulation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system and activation of vasopressin neurones attenuates hyperalgesia in a neuropathic pain model rat.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a hypothalamic neurosecretory hormone well known as an antidiuretic, and recently reported to be involved in pain modulation. The expression kinetics of AVP and its potential involvement in the descending pain modulation system (DPMS) in neuropathic pain (NP) remains unclear. We investigated AVP expression and its effects on mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds using a unilateral spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model.