Efficacy of the Triple-Dose Prophylactic Vitamin K Regimen in Healthy Neonates and Evaluation of the Utility of Vitamin K Deficiency Screening.

Background: In Japan, three doses of vitamin K are administered to neonates as prophylactic regimens against vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this prophylactic vitamin K regimen using the hepaplastin test (HPT) performed one, two weeks, and one month after birth. The secondary aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of HPT screening in healthy neonates.

Effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in preventing incisional surgical site infection after stoma closure: a single institutional retrospective study.

Purpose: Recent findings suggest that utilizing negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) concurrently with stoma closure may decrease the risk of incisional surgical site infection (iSSI). However, the specific impact of NPWT on iSSI after stoma closure remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of NPWT on SSI after stoma closure.

Decoding Brain Development and Aging: Pioneering Insights From MRI Techniques.

The aging process induces a variety of changes in the brain detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These changes include alterations in brain volume, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) white matter hyperintense lesions, and variations in tissue properties such as relaxivity, myelin, iron content, neurite density, and other microstructures. Each MRI technique offers unique insights into the structural and compositional changes occurring in the brain due to normal aging or neurodegenerative diseases.

Characterization of Diploid Wheat Flour and its Possible Practical Use.

The application of flour is determined by the composition of its starch and storage proteins. Previously isolated diploid wheat is known to be amylose-free and possesses the same amylopectin structure as the wild-type. To reveal its characteristics, starch, protein, lipid, fiber, gluten, and allergen contents and rheological properties were analyzed and compared to its parental wild-type diploid wheat and commercially available hexaploid wheats.

Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in male rats attenuated by calmangafodipir, a superoxide dismutase mimetic.

Paclitaxel induces peripheral neuropathy, which is considered a dose-limiting factor. However, appropriate prophylactic agents are currently unavailable. We investigated the prophylactic effects of calmangafodipir, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, on paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy using a male rat model.

Sarcomere gene variants did not improve cardiac function in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from Japanese cohorts.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by impaired cardiac contraction and ventricular dilation. However, some patients with DCM improve when experiencing left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). Currently, the detailed association between genotypes and clinical outcomes, including LVRR, particularly among children, remains uncertain.

Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation for ventricular tachycardia: a review of clinical trials and emerging roles of imaging.

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a severe arrhythmia commonly treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillators, antiarrhythmic drugs and catheter ablation (CA). Although CA is effective in reducing recurrent VT, its impact on survival remains uncertain, especially in patients with extensive scarring. Stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR) has emerged as a novel treatment for VT in patients unresponsive to CA, leveraging techniques from stereotactic body radiation therapy used in cancer treatments.

The cortical areas processing periodontal ligament nociception in mice.

Objectives: Toothaches are often poorly localized. Although periodontal pain is better localized, it can spread to other areas. Ultimately, the cerebral cortex processes nociception, with somatotopic organization possibly playing a role in localizing the origin.

Post-transplant transient abnormal myelopoiesis evolving from a GATA1 mutant clone in umbilical cord blood.

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) generally affects newborns with Down syndrome and is associated with constitutional trisomy 21 and a somatic GATA1 mutation. Here we describe a case of TAM which evolved after umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT), whose origin was identified as a GATA1 mutation-harboring clone in umbilical cord blood (UCB) by detailed genetic analyses. A 58-year-old male who received UCBT for peripheral T-cell lymphoma presented progressive anemia and thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis with blast cells in the peripheral blood (PB).

Prolonged severe cytopenia followed by fatal CAR T-cell-mediated encephalitis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome usually occurs within the first four weeks of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. In addition, prolonged cytopenia is a long-term adverse effect following the use of CAR T-cell therapies. Here, we present a case of prolonged severe cytopenia followed by fatal CAR T-cell-mediated encephalitis.

Correction: New Isoform of Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase and the Role of Cardiac Myosin Phosphorylation in α1-Adrenoceptor Mediated Inotropic Response.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The appearance of scalp high-frequency oscillations is associated with poor seizure control in pediatric epilepsy patients.

Objective: Epilepsy treatment with anti-seizure medications (ASMs) is based on careful assessment of the balance between the likelihood of further seizures and the risk of side effects of treatment. However, there is currently no established biomarker to ascertain seizure control status with ASMs. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs), transient bursts of EEG activity with frequencies beyond 80 Hz, are a new and promising noninvasive epilepsy biomarker.

Efficacy of Vinblastine and Methotrexate in a Childhood Patient with Progressive Desmoid Fibromatosis of the Lower Jaw: A Case Report.

Desmoid fibromatosis (DF) is defined as a borderline tumor of the soft tissues with a low malignant potential. The most common tumor sites are the extremity, trunk, abdominal cavity, and head and neck. Surgical resection has been the standard treatment for DF.

Microscopic water dispersion and hydrogen-bonding structures in margarine spreads with Raman hyperspectral imaging and machine learning.

Margarine, a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, offers advantages such as lower costs in comparison to similar products, but large amounts of saturated fats pose health risks. Reduction of saturated fat content is difficult and often leads to "oil-off," i.e.

Advancing clinical MRI exams with artificial intelligence: Japan's contributions and future prospects.

In this narrative review, we review the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams, with a particular focus on Japan's contributions to this field. In the first part of the review, we introduce the various applications of AI in optimizing different aspects of the MRI process, including scan protocols, patient preparation, image acquisition, image reconstruction, and postprocessing techniques. Additionally, we examine AI's growing influence in clinical decision-making, particularly in areas such as segmentation, radiation therapy planning, and reporting assistance.

The Evolution and Clinical Impact of Deep Learning Technologies in Breast MRI.

The integration of deep learning (DL) in breast MRI has revolutionized the field of medical imaging, notably enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. This review discusses the substantial influence of DL technologies across various facets of breast MRI, including image reconstruction, classification, object detection, segmentation, and prediction of clinical outcomes such as response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and recurrence of breast cancer. Utilizing sophisticated models such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and generative adversarial networks, DL has improved image quality and precision, enabling more accurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and providing deeper insights into disease behavior and treatment responses.

Time and dose selective glucose metabolism for glucose homeostasis and energy conversion in the liver.

Hepatic glucose metabolism serves dual purposes: maintaining glucose homeostasis and converting glucose into energy sources; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We quantitatively measured liver metabolites, gene expression, and phosphorylated insulin signaling molecules in mice orally administered varying doses of glucose, and constructed a transomic network. Rapid phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules in response to glucose intake was observed, in contrast to the more gradual changes in gene expression.

Biocompatible Native Hyaluronan Nanofibers Fabricated via Aqueous PEO-Assisted Electrospinning and Heat-Quench Process.

Hyaluronan (HA) is widely used in cosmetic and biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and potential to promote wound healing. Nanofibrous HA, mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), is considered promising for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. However, the electrospinning process of HA often necessitates cytotoxic solvents and chemical modifications, compromising its biocompatibility and advantageous properties.