The role of innate and adaptive immunity in endometriosis.

The innate and adaptive immune systems are the two key branches that determine host protection at all mucosal surfaces in human body, including the female reproductive tract. The pattern recognition receptors within the host that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns are expressed on the cells of the innate immune system. Rapidly reactive, theinnate immune system, responds immediately to the presence of infectious or other non-self agents, thereby launching an inflammatory response to protect the host until the activation of slower adaptive immune system.

Neonatal uterine bleeding: Risk factors and its association with endometriosis-related symptoms later in life.

Objective: We examined the prevalence and risk factors in association with neonatal uterine bleeding (NUB) by retrospective search of contemporary and historical medical records and investigated the possible association between the history of NUB at birth and endometriosis-related symptoms later in life who are now young women.

Study Design: This was a retrospective case-controlled cohort study and prospective evaluation of web-based questionnaire survey on symptoms related to endometriosis among young women born with and without NUB. Multiple regression analysis was performed incorporating various confounding variables that may influence the occurrence of NUB or the reporting of endometriosis symptoms later in life.

Association between tissue stress reaction and ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression in endometria of reproductive aged women before and during Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: A potential concern has been raised regarding fertility and reproductive outcome during the Covid-19 pandemic with growing stress and anxiety. However, information on the association between tissue stress reaction and expression profiles of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in endometria collected from women before (pre-pandemic) and during the Covid-19 pandemic (in-pandemic) is unknown. We aim to investigate the relationship between the expression of stress-reactive proteins and of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in endometria collected from women during these two different time frames.

A targeted educational programme improves fundamental knowledge of menstrual pain and endometriosis in young women: The Endometriosis Awareness Promotion Project.

Research Question: Would a properly designed educational programme offered to young women improve their awareness and fundamental knowledge of menstrual pain and endometriosis?

Design: A multinational cross-sectional study using a pen-and-paper questionnaire among women aged 19-24 years was conducted between 2017 and 2019 to assess fundamental knowledge of menstrual pain and endometriosis. Improvement in knowledge was also analysed using a separate questionnaire completed before, and 1-3 months after, a group discussion, lecture on menstrual pain and endometriosis, or both.

Results: Among three groups of students (college [n = 271], medical [n = 877] and nursing [n = 763]), knowledge of menstrual pain and endometriosis was lowest among college students, modest among nursing students and fair among medical students (P < 0.

Pathogenesis of Human Adenomyosis: Current Understanding and Its Association with Infertility.

The aim of this review article was to summarize our current understanding on the etiologies and pathogenesis of human adenomyosis and to clarify the relative association between adenomyosis and infertility. The exact pathogenesis of adenomyosis is still elusive. Among different reported concepts, direction invagination of gland cells from the basalis endometrium deep into myometrium is the most widely accepted opinion on the development of adenomyosis.

Occurrence of chronic endometritis in different types of human adenomyosis.

Purpose: Human adenomyosis has an adverse effect on female fertility. Exact mechanistic basis is still unclear. We investigated the occurrence of chronic endometritis (CE) in different types of human adenomyosis.

Visualization of mandibular movement relative to the maxilla during mastication in mice: integration of kinematic analysis and reconstruction of a three-dimensional model of the maxillofacial structure.

Background: Mastication is one of the most fundamental functions for the conservation of human life. To clarify the pathogenetic mechanism of various oral dysfunctions, the demand for devices for evaluating stomatognathic function has been increasing. The aim of the present study was to develop a system to reconstruct and visualize 3-dimensional (3D) mandibular movements relative to the maxilla, including dynamic transition of occlusal contacts between the upper and lower dentitions during mastication in mice.

Decreased occurrence of endometriosis in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Problem: Despite abundant reports on the risk role of uterine outflow tract obstruction in endometriosis, information on the occurrence of endometriosis in women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection causing fallopian tube obstruction is unknown. We investigated the role of Chlamydia trachomatis infection with or without fallopian tubal patency in the occurrence of endometriosis.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-controlled cohort study with 539 women who had laparoscopic surgery for several indications during the period between January, 2003 and June, 2010.

Levofloxacin or gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment decreases intrauterine microbial colonization in human endometriosis.

Objective: We examined the hypothesis that antibiotic treatment with or without gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) may decrease intrauterine infection with consequent decrease in tissue inflammation, cell proliferation and angiogenesis in human endometriosis.

Study Design: This is a prospective non-randomized observational study. Endometrial/endometriotic samples were collected during surgery from 53 women with endometriosis and 47 control women who were treated with levofloxacin (LVFX, 500 mg, once per os) or GnRHa (1.

Predisposing conditions for condylar sag after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy.

Intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) is used to treat mandibular prognathism and temporomandibular disorders. However, the improvement of temporomandibular disorders after IVRO is considered to be due to the anterior and downward movement of the mandibular condyle, which may lead to condylar sag, and in the worst case, condylar luxation. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined factors potentially associated with condylar sag.

An axonemal alteration in apical endometria of human adenomyosis.

Study Question: Is there any change in the distribution of microvilli and microtubules in the apical endometria of women with adenomyosis?

Summary Answer: We observed microvilli damage in the apical endometria and an axonemal alteration characterized by abnormal distribution of longitudinal bundles of microtubules within microvilli in women with adenomyosis.

What Is Known Already: Human adenomyosis has a negative impact on female fertility. Abnormal utero-tubal sperm transport, tissue inflammation and toxic effect of chemical mediators have been proposed as contributing factors.

Expression profiles of E/P receptors and fibrosis in GnRHa-treated and -untreated women with different uterine leiomyomas.

Differential expressions of estrogen/progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and individual component of extracellular matrices derived from fibroid are reported. Information on the pattern of change in ER/PR expression and amount of tissue fibrosis after hormonal treatment is unclear. We investigated pattern of change in ER/PR expression and percentage of tissue fibrosis in different uterine leiomyomas after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment.

Biological differences between intrinsic and extrinsic adenomyosis with coexisting deep infiltrating endometriosis.

Research Question: Is there a biological difference between intrinsic and extrinsic adenomyosis with coexisting deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE)?

Design: In this prospective controlled study, biopsy specimens were collected after surgery from 23 women with intrinsic adenomyosis and 10 women with extrinsic adenomyosis with coexisting DIE lesions. Histological evaluation was carried out by immunoreaction to Ber-EP4 (epithelial cell marker) and CD10 (stromal cell marker). Tissue expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors was analysed by immunohistochemistry.

Development and evaluation of a jaw-tracking system for mice: reconstruction of three-dimensional movement trajectories on an arbitrary point on the mandible.

Background: Mastication is one of the most fundamental functions for the conservation of life. The demand for devices for evaluating stomatognathic function, for instance, recording mandibular movements or masticatory muscle activities using animal models, has been increasing in recent years to elucidate neuromuscular control mechanisms of mastication and to investigate the etiology of oral motor disorders. To identify the fundamental characteristics of the jaw movements of mice, we developed a new device that reconstructs the three-dimensional (3D) movement trajectories on an arbitrary point on the mandible during mastication.

Differential Levels of Regulatory T Cells and T-Helper-17 Cells in Women With Early and Advanced Endometriosis.

Context: Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T-helper-17 (Th17) cells may be involved in endometriosis. Information on the pattern of change in the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with early and advanced endometriosis is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the pattern of change in the percentages of Treg and Th17 cells in the PB and PF of women with early and advanced endometriosis.

Association between FOXP3 regulatory T-cells and occurrence of peritoneal lesions in women with ovarian endometrioma and dermoid cysts.

Research Question: Is there any relationship between numbers of FOXP3 regulatory T-cells (Treg) and occurrence of peritoneal lesions in women with ovarian endometrioma and dermoid cysts?

Design: Retrospective and prospective case-controlled cohort study. Peritoneal lesions were collected from 27 women with ovarian endometrioma and 25 women with dermoid cysts. Peritoneal fluid was collected from 36 women with ovarian endometrioma and 42 women with dermoid cysts.

Efficacy of palonosetron plus dexamethasone in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis in patients receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers: a phase II study by the West Japan Gynecologic Oncology Group (WJGOG 131).

Objective: Palonosetron is effective for the management of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). While emetogenic carboplatin-based chemotherapy is widely used to treat gynecologic cancers, few studies have evaluated the antiemetic effectiveness of palonosetron in this setting.

Methods: A multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of palonosetron in controlling CINV in patients with gynecologic cancer.

Comparison of osseous healing after sagittal split ramus osteotomy and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy.

The sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is generally associated with greater postoperative stability than the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO); however, it entails a risk of inferior alveolar nerve damage. In contrast, IVRO has the disadvantages of slow postoperative osseous healing and projection of the antegonial notch, but inferior alveolar nerve damage is believed to be less likely. The purposes of this study were to compare the osseous healing processes associated with SSRO and IVRO and to investigate changes in mandibular width after IVRO in 29 patients undergoing mandibular setback.