A new murine ileostomy model: recycling stool prevents intestinal atrophy in the distal side of ileostomy.

Objectives: Proximal stoma creation in neonates results in growth failure and distal intestinal atrophy. "Recycling stool" consists of stool injection from the proximal limb to the distal limb of a stoma. Because this method may prevent distal bowel atrophy and increase body weight, we investigated the effects of recycling stool upon distal intestinal mucosa by generating an ileostomy model in rats.

Arctigenin induces apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma cells.

Purpose: Arctigenin has been shown to have anti-tumor effects in various types of cancers. This study was conducted to verify these effects in the human-derived hepatoblastoma cell line, HUH-6 clone 5 (hereinafter, HUH-6).

Methods: Arctigenin was added to cultured HUH-6 cells, and cellular activity was evaluated by MTS assay.

Evaluation of Ki-67 as prognostic factor for pediatric neuroblastoma and the possibility of molecular-targeted drugs with VEGF and PDGFR.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric malignant solid tumor characterized as refractory cancer with poor prognosis. The Mitosis-Karyorrhexis Index (MKI) is a prognostic factor but is prone to observer bias. The usefulness of MKI with Ki-67, as a marker of malignancy, was investigated.

Clinical course of human herpesvirus 6 infection in pediatric living donor liver transplantation.

Differentiation between active and latent viral infection is critical for analysis of HHV-6-associated disease. HHV-6 infection has been associated with several clinical manifestations; however, the precise role of HHV-6 in pediatric LDLT remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study included 33 pediatric patients who received LDLT.

Tailored Predictive Formulas for Glomerular Filtration Rate for Early Detection of Deteriorating Renal Function After Pediatric Living-Donor Liver Transplant.

Objectives: In pediatric patients, renal dysfunction after living-donor liver transplant is a major issue that is difficult to evaluate. Recently, predictive equations for Japanese children have been introduced.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study by prospectively collecting data on 26 patients under 16 years old who underwent living-donor liver transplant between June 2004 and March 2015.

Liver Transplantation from Female Donors Provokes Higher Complement Component C5a Activity.

Background: Transplanted organs from female donors are associated with less favorable prognoses and outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether donor gender affects levels of serum terminal complement component C5a and oxidative stress in pediatric living related liver transplantation (LRLTx) recipients.

Material/methods: The subjects were 43 patients (20 males and 23 females) who underwent LRLTx during childhood (age range 1.

Omphalocele and Gastroschisis in Newborns: Over 16 Years of Experience from a Single Clinic.

Infants born with potentially life-threatening conditions of omphalocele and gastroschisis may require long-term hospitalization. We aimed to compare the outcomes of these two conditions occurring over a 16-year period (2001-16). It is a retrospective study of 19 newborns undergoing surgery for these two abdominal wall defects (8 patients with omphalocele and 11 cases of gastroschisis).

Polyphyllin D, a steroidal saponin in Paris polyphylla, induces apoptosis and necroptosis cell death of neuroblastoma cells.

Purpose: Neuroblastoma is a refractory pediatric malignant solid tumor. The previous studies demonstrated that Polyphyllin D, the main constituent of Paris polyphylla, a traditional Chinese medicine, exerts an anti-tumor effect on many tumors. However, its effects against neuroblastomas are unclear.

Successful living donor liver transplantation for classical maple syrup urine disease.

MSUD is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme, BCKDH, which catalyzes the breakdown of BCAAs. If left untreated, MSUD can result in mental retardation, central nervous system disorders, and even death. Most patients with MSUD are treated with a restricted protein diet and milk from which BCAAs have been removed.

X-ray diagnosis with a bloating agent for foreign object ingestion.

The location of an ingested foreign object is often difficult to determine by X-ray if gastric air bubbles are not clear in the image. Methods that provide negative contrast can facilitate precise object localization, which is important for object retrieval and treatment of the patient. This case report describes a male child, 2 years and 2 mo of age, who accidentally swallowed a lithium battery while playing at home.

Children undergoing liver transplantation for treatment of inherited metabolic diseases are prone to higher oxidative stress, complement activity and transforming growth factor-β1.

Background: Main indications for liver transplantation in the pediatric population include biliary atresia and inherited metabolic diseases. The present study evaluated whether there are differences between pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation due to the two diseases in terms of their oxidative and immunological status during their regular outpatient follow-up visits.

Material And Methods: A clinical outpatient study measuring serum oxidative stress index (calculated as serum oxidant/antioxidant ratio, in the form of serum total hydroperoxide/serum biological antioxidative potential), serum terminal complement component 5a, as an indicator of complement activity and immunological status, and transforming growth factor-ß1, as a marker of liver fibrosis, in 16 patients (6 males and 10 females, 2.

Biliary atresia type I cyst and choledochal cyst [corrected]: can we differentiate or not?

Background/purpose: It is difficult to discriminate between choledochal cyst[corrected]with obstructive jaundice and biliary atresia with a cyst at the porta hepatis in neonates or young infants. This review evaluates whether it is possible to differentiate between these two diseases. We here also provide an overview of our experience with type I cyst biliary atresia patients.

Thirty years' experience of open-repair surgery for pectus excavatum: development of a metal-free procedure.

Objective: Throughout the history of surgery for pectus excavatum (PE), the Nuss procedure and open repair have been performed with many modifications, with most of these procedures using a metal bar. However, the use of a metal bar has several drawbacks. Thus, we aimed to develop a procedure that did not require a metal bar.

Pediatric patients receiving ABO-incompatible living related liver transplantation exhibit higher serum transforming growth factor-β1, interferon-γ and interleukin-2 levels.

Background: ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (LTx) is becoming more common in response to the paucity of liver allografts. Several studies have expressed concern about the effect of ABO compatibility on graft survival.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in serum cytokine levels between ABO-incompatible (ABO-i) and ABO-compatible (ABO-c; includes ABO-compatible and identical) pediatric LTx recipients during regular outpatient follow-up.

Oxidative stress after living related liver transplantation subsides with time in pediatric patients.

Background: Oxidative stress has been suspected to influence graft survival and prognosis in pediatric recipients of living related liver transplantation (LRLT).

Purpose: We determined the oxidative status of pediatric LRLT recipients during their regular outpatient follow-up visits, and looked for a relationship between oxidative status and post-liver transplantation (post-LTx) duration.

Patients: The study included 43 patients (20 males and 23 females) between the ages of 1.

High cerebrospinal fluid antioxidants and interleukin 8 are protective of hypoxic brain damage in newborns.

The objective was to explain the discrepancy in the development of hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIE) in some asphyxiated newborns rather than others. Forty newborns were classified according to their cerebrospinal neuron-specific-enolase (CSF-NSE) levels on their 5th-day of life; group 1 with low-NSE (n = 25). The remaining 15 newborns had high-NSE and were further divided into a group with no HIE (n = 10, group 2) and another with HIE (n = 5, group 3).

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia in ovarian dysgerminoma.

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is a rare complication of malignant pediatric tumors, specifically those that secrete humoral factor(s), such as parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). The authors report a case of severe hypercalcemia associated with ovarian dysgerminoma in a 10-year-old girl. In this case, the humoral factor was considered to be 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

A child with adrenocortical carcinoma who underwent percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for liver metastasis.

The authors encountered a 2-year-old-girl with adrenocortical carcinoma who underwent percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) for liver metastasis. The patient had functional adrenocortical carcinoma diagnosed and underwent excision of the tumor in the right adrenal gland. Because liver metastasis was detected 11 months after surgery, the patient underwent PEIT under general anesthesia.