Impact of long-term trends on outcomes in the management of colonic diverticular bleeding: mediation analyses in a large multicenter study.

Background: Despite accumulating evidence and recommendations for management of colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB), the changes in its clinical management and outcomes remain unknown.

Methods: We performed a retrospective tendency analysis on a biennial basis, a propensity score-matched cohort study between the first and latter half groups, and mediation analyses to compare the diagnostic and treatment methods between January 2010 and December 2019 (CODE BLUE-J Study).

Results: A total of 6575 patients with CDB were included.

Daily Amount of Purine in Commonly Recommended Well-Balanced Diets in Japan and Overseas.

A low purine diet has been recommended for patients with gout and hyperuricemia, but there are concerns about excessive carbohydrates and a lack of protein. A well-balanced diet in accordance with general dietary guidelines is widely recommended. The Mediterranean diet and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet are also recommended for gout and hyperuricemia patients.

Validation of British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from 8,956 cases in Japan.

Background And Aims: We sought to validate the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB).

Methods: We analyzed 8,956 patients with ALGIB in CODE BLUE-J study and categorized them into four groups based on BSG guidelines. Outcomes included 30-day rebleeding, 30-day mortality, blood transfusion, therapeutic intervention, and severe bleeding.

Surgical outcomes of minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary mycosis complicated with hematopoietic malignancy.

Objective: Patients with hematopoietic malignancies (HM) are often immunocompromised and, therefore, susceptible to developing invasive fungal infections, including pulmonary mycosis. Surgical resection is indicated for localized pulmonary mycosis refractory to antifungal agents. This study investigated the feasibility and outcomes of minimally invasive surgery for pulmonary mycosis patients complicated with HM.

Retention Rate of Free Pericardial Fat Grafts after Bronchial Stump Coverage.

The postoperative course of the graft tissue after bronchial stump coverage remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients who underwent anatomical lung resection followed by bronchial stump coverage using free pericardial fat grafts. All patients underwent minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

The role of thymic epithelium in thymus development and age-related thymic involution.

The establishment of an adaptive immune system is critical for protecting our bodies from neoplastic cancers and invading pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. As a primary lymphoid organ, the thymus generates lymphoid T cells that play a major role in the adaptive immune system. T cell generation in the thymus is controlled by interactions between thymocytes and other thymic cells, primarily thymic epithelial cells.

Global trends and scenarios for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050.

Based on an extensive model intercomparison, we assessed trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services from historical reconstructions and future scenarios of land-use and climate change. During the 20th century, biodiversity declined globally by 2 to 11%, as estimated by a range of indicators. Provisioning ecosystem services increased several fold, and regulating services decreased moderately.

HLA-B*57:01-dependent intracellular stress in keratinocytes triggers dermal hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir.

Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms combined with certain drug administration strongly correlate with skin eruption. Abacavir hypersensitivity (AHS), which is strongly associated with HLA-B*57:01, is one of the most representative examples. Conventionally, HLA transmits immunological signals via interactions with T cell receptors on the cell surface.

Tetryliumylidene ions in synthesis and catalysis.

Tetryliumylidene ions ([R-E:]), recognised for their intriguing electronic properties, have attracted considerable interest. These positively charged species, with two vacant p-orbitals and a lone pair at the E(ii) centre (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), can be viewed as the combination of tetrylenes (RE:) and tetrylium ions ([RE]), which makes them potent Lewis ambiphiles. Such electronic features highlight the potential of tetryliumylidenes for single-site small molecule activation and transition metal-free catalysis.

Developmental conversion of thymocyte-attracting cells into self-antigen-displaying cells in embryonic thymus medulla epithelium.

Thymus medulla epithelium establishes immune self-tolerance and comprises diverse cellular subsets. Functionally relevant medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) include a self-antigen-displaying subset that exhibits genome-wide promiscuous gene expression promoted by the nuclear protein Aire and that resembles a mosaic of extrathymic cells including mucosal tuft cells. An additional mTEC subset produces the chemokine CCL21, thereby attracting positively selected thymocytes from the cortex to the medulla.

Limited impact of hydrogen co-firing on prolonging fossil-based power generation under low emissions scenarios.

Climate change mitigation generally require rapid decarbonization in the power sector, including phase-out of fossil fuel-fired generators. Given recent technological developments, co-firing of hydrogen or ammonia, could help decarbonize fossil-based generators, but little is known about how its effects would play out globally. Here, we explore this topic using an energy system model.

Rationalized diffraction calculations for high accuracy and high speed with few bits.

Diffraction calculations in few-bit formats, such as single-precision floating-point and fixed-point numbers, are important because they yield faster calculations and lower memory usage. However, these methods suffer from low accuracy owing to the loss of trailing digits. Fresnel diffraction is widely known to prevent the loss of trailing digits.

Eradication Does Not Adversely Affect the Clinical Course of Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study on Screening Endoscopic Examination in Japan.

Background: Since gastric cancers (GCs) detected after () eradication present with different morphological characteristics from conventional -positive GCs, delayed detection of early-stage GCs may be observed. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of eradication on diagnosing GC during screening endoscopy.

Methods: Eleven health checkup institutions in Japan participated in the present study.

High risk stigmata and treatment strategy for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: a nationwide study in Japan.

Background:  The rebleeding risks and outcomes of endoscopic treatment for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) may differ depending on the bleeding location, type, and etiology of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) but have yet to be fully investigated. We aimed to identify high risk endoscopic SRH and to propose an optimal endoscopic treatment strategy.

Methods:  We retrospectively analyzed 2699 ALGIB patients with SRH at 49 hospitals (CODE BLUE-J Study), of whom 88.

Disproportionate cancer worries in ultra-short-segment Barrett's esophagus in Japan.

Objectives: Although Barrett's esophagus (BE), especially ultra-short-segment BE (USSBE), is very frequently diagnosed in Japan, how subjects feel about receiving a diagnosis of BE is unclear. We therefore prospectively investigated cancer worry in subjects who received a BE diagnosis.

Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to subjects who were diagnosed with BE at three health checkup institutes in Akita Prefecture, Japan.

Sublobar resection for metachronous stage I second primary non-small cell lung cancer: A single-centre experience.

Introduction: More patients are developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the extent of SPLC resection on outcomes.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively investigated 1,895 patients with lung cancer who underwent pulmonary resection from 2011 to 2018.

Recent progress in the chemistry of heavy aromatics.

The aromaticity and synthetic application of "heavy benzenes", i.e., benzenes containing a heavier Group 14 element (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) in place of skeletal carbon, have been the targets of many theoretical and synthetic studies.

Clinical significance of programmed cell death-ligand expression in small bowel adenocarcinoma is determined by the tumor microenvironment.

Background: Comprehensive genomic analysis has shown that small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) has different genomic profiles from gastric and colorectal cancers. Hence, it is essential to establish chemotherapeutic regimens based on SBA characteristics. The expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) in SBA is not fully understood.