Enhanced expression of Cyp17a1 and production of DHEA-S in the liver of late-pregnant rats.

Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) catalyzes two enzymatic reactions in the biosynthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) from pregnenolone. In pregnant humans, the adrenal gland is responsible for DHEA biosynthesis, which is then sulfated by SULT2A1 and released into the bloodstream. This sulfated DHEA is subsequently taken up by the placenta and deconjugated to serve as a precursor for estrogen biosynthesis.

Phage-based biocontrol of through indirect targeting.

Unlabelled: Bacteriophages offer an opportunity for chemical-free, precise control of problematic bacteria, but this approach can be limited when lytic phages are difficult to obtain for the target host. In such cases, phage-based targeting of cooperating or cross-feeding bacteria (e.g.

DNA methylation of Ad4BP/SF-1 suppresses Cyp11a1 and StAR transcripts in C2C12 myoblasts.

Steroidogenesis occurs locally in peripheral tissues and via adrenal and gonadal glands' biosynthesis. The C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line and rat skeletal muscles harbor a local steroidogenesis pathway for glucocorticoids, and corticosterone is biosynthesized from skeletal muscle cells. However, Cyp11a1 and StAR protein expressions are not observed in C2C12 cells or rat muscular tissues.

Using phage to drive selections toward restoring antibiotic sensitivity in via chromosomal deletions.

Phage therapy has re-emerged in modern medicine as a robust antimicrobial strategy in response to the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. However, bacterial resistance to phages can also arise via a variety of molecular mechanisms. In fact, several clinical studies on phage therapy have reported the occurrence of phage-resistant variants, representing a significant concern for the successful development of phage-based therapies.

Innate immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells in Mycoplasma bovis mastitis using an in vitro model of bovine mammary gland infection.

Mycoplasma bovis mastitisis highly contagious and disrupts lactation, posing a significant threat to the dairy industry. While the mammary gland's defence mechanism involves epithelial cells and mononuclear cells (MNC), their interaction with M. bovis remains incompletely understood.

Isolation of temperate bacteriophage with broad killing activity to clinical isolates.

Bacteriophages are expected to be therapeutic agents against infectious diseases. are involved in dental plaque formation related to dental caries and periodontitis. In , lytic bacteriophages have been isolated previously, but the isolation of temperate bacteriophage has not been reported although their presence in the genome has been confirmed.

Phage therapy: Targeting intestinal bacterial microbiota for the treatment of liver diseases.

Phage therapy has been overshadowed by antibiotics for decades. However, it is being revisited as a powerful approach against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. As bacterial microbiota have been mechanistically linked to gastrointestinal and liver diseases, precise editing of the gut microbiota via the selective bactericidal action of phages has prompted renewed interest in phage therapy.

Fitness Trade-Offs between Phage and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Phage-Resistant Variants: Molecular Action and Insights into Clinical Applications for Phage Therapy.

In recent decades, phage therapy has been overshadowed by the widespread use of antibiotics in Western countries. However, it has been revitalized as a powerful approach due to the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Although bacterial resistance to phages has been reported in clinical cases, recent studies on the fitness trade-offs between phage and antibiotic resistance have revealed new avenues in the field of phage therapy.

Mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy by muscle fiber types in male rats under long-term fasting stress.

Fasting induces metabolic changes in muscles, which are differentiated by muscle fiber type. In this study, the mechanism of fasting-induced muscle atrophy in rats was examined to determine the differences between muscle fiber types in energy production. Fasting for 96 h did not alter the weight of the soleus (SOL), a fiber type I muscle, but did significantly reduce the weight of gastrocnemius (GM), a fiber type II muscle.

[A case of secondary sclerosing cholangitis following endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcer bleeding].

A 75-year-old male patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. The ESD ulcer bleeding occurred 7 days post-ESD, and he underwent endoscopic clipping hemostasis. Afterward, the patient presented with acute cholecystitis and cholangitis, thereby developing sclerosing cholangitis.

Biological properties of Staphylococcus virus ΦSA012 for phage therapy.

Staphylococcus virus ΦSA012 has a wide host range and efficient lytic activity. Here, we assessed the biological stability of ΦSA012 against temperature, freeze-thawing, and pH to clinically apply the phage. In addition, inoculation of ΦSA012 through i.

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pasteurella multocida Strain Pm1, Isolated from a Calf.

Bovine pneumonia is a disease that causes significant economic losses in livestock industries and is vital for animal welfare. The whole-genome sequence of Pasteurella multocida strain Pm1, isolated from a calf suffering from pneumonia in Japan, is reported here.

Relationship between Escherichia coli virulence factors, notably kpsMTII, and symptoms of clinical metritis and endometritis in dairy cows.

Although Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the bovine vaginal microbiota, it is an important pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases of the reproductive tract and sub-fertility. Recent studies have focused on virulence factors (VFs) of intrauterine E. coli; however, actual endometrial VFs have not been clearly identified.

Bisphenol A-sulfate conjugate disrupts AURKA transcription and cell cycle in BeWo cytotrophoblasts.

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to exhibit various toxic effects, including the induction of reproductive disorders. Generally, BPA is converted to conjugated metabolites, leading to bio-inactivation. On the other hand, the toxicity of conjugated metabolites is not fully understood.

Testicular induced corticosterone synthesis in male rats under fasting stress.

Testicular steroidogenesis is depressed by adrenal-secreted corticosterone (CORT) under stress. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the details of testicular steroidogenesis depression during fasting.

Novel Virulent Bacteriophage ΦSG005, Which Infects , Forms a Distinct Clade among Streptococcus Viruses.

Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria and are classified as either virulent phages or temperate phages. Despite virulent phages being promising antimicrobial agents due to their bactericidal effects, the implementation of phage therapy depends on the availability of virulent phages against target bacteria. Notably, virulent phages of , which resides in the oral cavity and is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause periodontitis and endocarditis have previously never been found.

Fluctuating Bacteriophage-induced galU Deficiency Region is Involved in Trade-off Effects on the Phage and Fluoroquinolone Sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes chronic infections, has demonstrated rapid acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, bacteriophages have received significant attention as promising antimicrobial agents; however, previous trials have reported the occurrence of phage-resistant variants. P.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Veterinary Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate, Pa12.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes various opportunistic infections in animals. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of P. aeruginosa strain Pa12, a fluoroquinolone-resistant isolate from a canine skin lesion.

Innate immune response in bovine neutrophils stimulated with Mycoplasma bovis.

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a significant worldwide pathogen of cattle. Neutrophils have an important role in the innate immune response during infection with M.

Invasion of Mycoplasma bovis into bovine synovial cells utilizing the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway.

Mycoplasma bovis causes chronic arthritis in cattle, accompanied by a severe inflammatory reaction of the joints. Recent studies demonstrated that M. bovis can invade bovine non-phagocytic cells, but the mechanism of M.

Transcriptome analysis of Mycoplasma bovis stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Mycoplasma bovis is a pathogenic bacterium in bovines that causes huge global economic losses. Numerous factors play important roles in M. bovis pathogenesis; however, the host immune response involved in M.

Whole-Genome Sequence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli HUE1, Isolated in Hokkaido, Japan.

We report the complete genome sequence of strain HUE1, isolated from the urinary catheter of a female patient, showing fluoroquinolone resistance without quinolone resistance-determining region mutations. To facilitate the exploration of the molecular characteristics of HUE1, the whole genome was sequenced using long- and short-read platforms.

Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa veterinary isolates to Pbunavirus PB1-like phages.

In recent years, antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have increased in the veterinary field. Therefore, phage therapy has received significant attention as an approach for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. In this context, we isolated and characterized four Pseudomonas bacteriophages.

Lytic Activity of Polyvalent Staphylococcal Bacteriophage PhiSA012 and Its Endolysin Lys-PhiSA012 Against Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates From Canine Skin Infection Sites.

The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in human and veterinary medicine is of global concern. Notably, the emergence of methicillin-resistant has become a serious problem. In this context, bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, endolysins, have received considerable attention as therapeutics for infectious diseases in place of antibiotics.