Cholesterol Uptake Capacity in Cord Blood of Preterm Infants.

Background: There is insufficient research on cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC) in preterm infants; therefore, the relationship between CUC and cholesterol transport in preterm infants is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between CUC and anthropometric measurements, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and HDL-C subclasses in preterm infants.

Methods: Fifty-eight preterm infants were divided into small-for-gestational age (n = 20) (SGA) and appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) (n = 38).

Lipoprotein-subclass particle numbers in children with abdominal obesity.

Background: The lipoprotein particle number (PN) profile may be a better marker of cardiovascular risks than standard serum lipid measurements. The aim of this study was to analyze the lipoprotein PNs in Japanese children with abdominal obesity and to determine the subclass profile.

Methods: The participants included 164 Japanese children (79 boys and 85 girls) aged 9-13 years.

Subclass distribution of low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and the clustering of metabolic syndrome components in Japanese children.

Background: Recent studies demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein-tryglyceride (LDL-TG) may represent another marker of cardiovascular risks. We therefore measured LDL-TG including the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution and investigated the association between LDL-TG subclass profile and the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and insulin resistance in Japanese children.

Methods: The study included 237 schoolchildren (boys 115, girls 122).

The Characteristics Of Abdominal Fat Distribution In Japanese Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the characteristics of abdominal fat distribution in Japanese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-six Japanese adolescents with simple obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus treated between 2002 and 2018 were included. The subjects were classified into the simple obesity group (SO group, n=38) and type 2 diabetes mellitus group (DM group, n=23) by matching average age and gender ratio.

Umbilical cord blood stearoyl-CoA desaturase index and lipoprotein lipase mass level in small-for-gestational age newborns.

We previously reported that triglyceride (TG) levels in small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborns were significantly higher than those in appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) newborns. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity is required for TG synthesis, while lipoprotein lipase mass (LPLm) facilitates TG clearance. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether SCD activity or LPLm is the cause of high TG levels in SGA newborns.

Non-high-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Japanese Obese Boys with Metabolic Syndrome.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels in Japanese obese boys.

Methods: Subjects were 58 obese boys aged 12.0±2.

Effect of cod liver oil supplementation on the stearoyl-CoA desaturase index in obese children: a pilot study.

To investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity, we treated 10 obese children (mean age: 12.9 years) with cod liver oil once daily for 12 weeks. The effects of cod liver oil supplementation on SCD activity, as estimated by the palmitoleate/palmitate ratio, depended on the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents at baseline.

Relationship between estimated fatty acid desaturase activities and abdominal adiposity in Japanese children.

Background: Abdominal obesity alters the composition of plasma and tissue long chain fatty acids and thus affects a number of important physiological functions relating to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The fatty acid composition is modulated by desaturases; stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D). Therefore, we examined the relationship between the desaturase activities and abdominal adiposity.

Apolipoprotein A-V level may contribute to the development of obesity-associated dyslipidemia.

Aim: In a mice study, insulin suppressed apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) gene expression in a dose dependent manner. Thus, we investigated the association between apoA-V levels and dyslipidemias in obese children with hyperinsulinemia.

Methods: The subjects were 17 obese children (15 male, 2 female) aged 11.

Abdominal adiposity is associated with high-density lipoprotein subclasses in Japanese schoolchildren.

Background: The large HDL subclass is considered to possess cardioprotective properties. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship among abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance and HDL subclass profiles of Japanese schoolchildren.

Methods: The study subjects included 164 children (79 boys and 85 girls).

Abdominal adiposity is associated with fatty acid desaturase activity in boys: implications for C-reactive protein and insulin resistance.

Fatty acid composition, which is altered in patients with abdominal obesity, is influenced not only by dietary intake but also by the desaturating enzymes stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D). We investigated desaturase activities and their associations with metabolic risk factors, C-reactive protein levels (CRP) and insulin resistance in Japanese children. There were 237 school children in this study; 115 were boys.

Association of changes in body fatness and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids during early puberty in Japanese children.

Aims: Plasma fatty acid composition can change with age, reflecting diet and levels of desaturating enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D), which contribute to the development of insulin resistance. This study analyzed longitudinal changes in fatty acid composition in Japanese children during early puberty and the association between changes in desaturase indices and changes in body fatness and insulin resistance.

Methods: The study included 77 children (38 boys and 39 girls) aged 9.

Docosahexaenoic acid content in plasma phospholipids and desaturase indices in obese children.

Aims: In obesity, fatty acid composition is altered with reduced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. Desaturating enzymes, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D) modulate fatty acid composition and are thus associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships among DHA content, desaturase indices and the components of metabolic syndrome in childhood obesity.

Concentrations of very long-chain fatty acid in whole blood are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in children.

Background: Fatty acid metabolism has a close relationship with metabolic syndrome. Saturated very long-chain fatty acid (hexacosanoic acid; C26:0) was recently reported to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adults.

Methods: Eighty-eight children (47 male, 41 female; average age, 10.

Characteristics of obese children with low content of arachidonic acid in plasma lipids.

Background: Although there have been many studies on the relationship between obesity and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), the results and their interpretation are controversial, especially in children. Arachidonic acid (AA), the product of n-6 LCPUFA, is reported to be related to insulin resistance. The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the LCPUFA profile in obese children and mechanisms that contribute to reduced AA content.

Thr-encoding allele homozygosity at codon 54 of FABP 2 gene may be associated with impaired delta 6 desatruase activity and reduced plasma arachidonic acid in obese children.

Background: Alanine-for-threonine substitution at codon 54 (A54T polymorphism) in the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene (FABP2) has been associated with hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance. Impairment in the activity of delta 6 and 5 desaturases is also supposed to be a factor predisposing the development of insulin resistance syndrome.

Aim: We investigated the relationship between A54T polymorphism in FABP2 and the impairment of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in obese children.

Relationship between serum adiponectin level and lipid composition in each lipoprotein fraction in adolescent children.

The association of lipid composition in each lipoprotein fraction with adiponectin level in relation to body fatness was investigated. The subjects were 283 children (144 boys and 139 girls) aged 11.6 years (S.

Plasma palmitoleic acid content and obesity in children.

Background: Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) is a product of endogenous lipogenesis. In human obesity, 16:1n-7 is reported to correlate with indexes of adiposity and insulin concentrations.

Objective: We investigated the relation between adiposity, especially in the abdominal region, and plasma monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) profiles in obese children.

Assessment of individual changes in body fatness in boys during early pubertal period.

Background: In order to know whether the changes in indexes of overweight, body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and percentage of overweight (POW) (%), really represent the tendency toward obesity, we examined longitudinal individual changes in these indexes, and the change in body composition in boys during early pubertal period.

Methods: The subjects were 50 school boys who lived in Shizuoka, Japan. Standing height and weight were measured, and BMI and POW were obtained.

Serum lipid profile in obese children in China.

Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the serum lipid profile in obese Chinese children, their serum lipid and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and B (apoB) levels were examined.

Methods: The subjects were 153 patients (109 male and 44 female) aged 4-16 years with obesity, who attended the outpatient clinic of Beijing Children's Hospital. Percentage bodyweight (%BW) ([(bodyweight - standard weight)/standard weight]x 100) were obtained.