Impact of different antiretroviral therapy regimens on bone mineral density in people living with HIV: a retrospective and longitudinal study in China.

Background: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with bone loss of people living with HIV (PLWH), but limited studies exist on the impacts of ART regimens on bone mineral density (BMD) in China. This study evaluated BMD changes with three common ART regimens: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) + efavirenz (EFV), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing, and dolutegravir (DTG)-containing (non-TDF/non-TAF) therapies.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the prevalence of low BMD was analyzed in PLWH who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before ART initiation.

Global trends in the application of droplet digital PCR technology in the field of infectious disease pathogen diagnosis: A bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2023.

Background: This study discusses the development trends and current applications of digital droplet PCR technology in pathogen diagnostics.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted by retrieving droplet digital pcr related articles published between January 1,2012 to December31, 2023, from the Web of Science Core Collection.

Results: A total of 3,513 authors from 66 countries published 508 research papers across 203 academic institutions.

A nomogram of inflammatory indexes for preoperatively predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Purpose: To investigate the independent risk factors associated with the development of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), focusing on preoperative systemic inflammatory indicators, and to construct a corresponding risk predictive model.

Materials And Methods: The clinical data of 241 patients with CRC who underwent surgery after the first diagnosis between January 2012 and December 2017 at our hospital were reviewed. A best logistic regression model was constructed by Lasso regression for multivariate analysis, from which a Nomogram was derived.

Switch to fixed-dose ainuovirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir DF elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1: the 48-week results of the SPRINT trial, a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.

Background: We compared the efficacy and safety profiles of ainuovirine (ANV), a new-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), with boosted elvitegravir (EVG), both coformulated with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who had achieved virological suppression on previous NNRTI-based antiretroviral (ARV) regimen.

Methods: This study was a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial recruiting PLWH from 10 clinical centres across China. Main inclusion criteria included age of 18-65 years (inclusive), and stably staying on an ARV regimen combining an NNRTI with a two-drug NRTI backbone for at least 12 months.

Temporal changes in plasma metabolic signatures to predict immune response of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an effective treatment for people living with HIV (PLHIVs), requiring an extended period to achieve immune reconstitution. Metabolic alterations induced by ART are crucial for predicting long-term therapeutic responses, yet comprehensive investigation through large-scale clinical studies is still lacking. Here, we collected plasma samples from 108 PLHIVs to the untargeted plasma metabolomics study, based on the longitudinal metabolomics design.

Differential diagnostic value of simultaneous detection of CD69 and HLA-DR on host T and NK cells in QFT-TB assay for identifying active tuberculosis.

Background: Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for tuberculosis (TB) remains limited in its ability to discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Activation markers on host T and NK cells are currently considered to be promising markers in the diagnosis of ATB.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 213 participants and the participants were divided into ATB, LTBI, other lung-related diseases (ORD), and health control (HC) groups.

Risk factors for toxoplasmosis in people living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific region.

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii can cause symptomatic toxoplasmosis in immunodeficient hosts, including in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), mainly because of the reactivation of latent infection. We assessed the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its associated risk factors in PLWH in the Asia-Pacific region using data from the TREAT Asia Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Observational Database (TAHOD) of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Asia-Pacific.

Methods: This study included both retrospective and prospective cases of toxoplasmosis reported between 1997 and 2020.

Effectiveness of online HIV treatment services in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created challenges with respect to HIV care services. Remote online services might provide an effective method for health service delivery to people living with HIV (PLHIV). Few studies have focused on the efficacy of telemedical services for PLHIV and the effect of antiretroviral treatment via online services in China.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cancrinite from Coal Gangue for the Immobilization of Sr.

The primary objective of this study is to investigate and develop a rapid and effective method for the immobilization of Sr in the event of a nuclear leakage incident. Coal gangue, an underutilized form of solid waste from the coal industry, can be used as a raw material for curing Sr due to its high content of silica-alumina oxides. In the present study, Sr was successfully solidified in cancrinite synthesized using a hydrothermal method with coal gangue as raw material.

How can we establish animal models of HIV-associated lymphoma?

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is strongly associated with a heightened incidence of lymphomas. To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection, animal models have been developed. These models serve as valuable tools to investigate disease pathobiology, assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs, explore viral reservoirs, and develop eradication strategies.

Mitochondrial disturbance related to increased caspase-1 of CD4T cells in HIV-1 infection.

Background: In HIV-1 infection, more than 95% of CD4T cells die of caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis. What governs the increased susceptibility of CD4T cells to pyroptosis is poorly understood.

Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 31 untreated HIV-infected patients (UNT), 29 antiretroviral therapy treated HIV-infected patients (ART), and 21 healthy control donors (HD).

The prevalence of HDV among HBsAg-positive populations with and without HIV-1 in China.

Background: Existing research has provided evidence of changes in hepatitis delta virus (HDV) prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of HDV to elucidate its spread in China.

Methods: A total of 3,000 samples were collected from 2,241 HBV monoinfections and 759 HBV/HIV-1 coinfections across 13 sites in northern, southern, western, and southwestern China.

Thirteen-year viral suppression and immunologic recovery of LPV/r-based regimens in pediatric HIV treatment: a multicenter cohort study in resource-constrained settings of China.

Background: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in children remains challenging due to resource-constrained settings. We conducted a 13-year, prospective, multicenter cohort study on the effectiveness and safety of LPV/r-based regimens in ART-naive and ART-experienced children.

Methods: From January 2008 to May 2021, children living with HIV-1 were recruited with LPV/r-based regimens from 8 clinical research sites in 6 provinces in China.

Incidence of low-level viremia and its impact on virologic failure among people living with HIV who started an integrase strand transfer inhibitors: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Low-level viremia (LLV) has been identified as a potential precursor to virologic failure (VF), yet its clinical implications, particularly within the context of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs)-based regimens, remain insufficiently explored. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between LLV and VF within ART-naïve patients on INSTIs-based regimens in China.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with ART-naïve patients aged ≥ 18 years at Beijing Ditan Hospital, under the Chinese National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP).

Meta-analysis of minimally invasive arthroscopy with sodium hyaluronate for wound healing of knee osteoarthritis treatment in the elderly.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is not merely a medical condition-it is a prevalent and incapacitating ailment that significantly affects the quality of life for millions worldwide, especially as they age. The incidence of KOA increases year by year with increasing age. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of combining arthroscopy with sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the treatment of wound healing of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in elderly patients, with a focus on wound healing and overall joint function restoration.

Multifunctional GeMnTe Synergistically Optimizes Thermoelectric Properties of SnTe-InTe Alloys.

SnTe-InTe alloys ensure excellent electrical properties in the whole temperature region due to the resonant level. Nevertheless, temperature-sensitive resonance states and single phonon scattering restrict further improvement of thermoelectric performance. Consequently, it is anticipated that additional electrically independent scattering sources should be introduced to impede phonon transport.

Rapid and accurate detection of multi-target walnut appearance quality based on the lightweight improved YOLOv5s_AMM model.

Introduction: Nut quality detection is of paramount importance in primary nut processing. When striving to maintain the imperatives of rapid, efficient, and accurate detection, the precision of identifying small-sized nuts can be substantially compromised.

Methods: We introduced an optimized iteration of the YOLOv5s model designed to swiftly and precisely identify both good and bad walnut nuts across multiple targets.

Diagnostic Value of CD25, CD69, and CD134 on Tuberculosis-Specific Antigen-Stimulated CD4+ T Cells for Tuberculous Pleurisy.

Rapid and accurate methods for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TP) are urgently needed. Activation markers of tuberculosis (TB)-reactive T cells are considered promising for the diagnosis of active TB (ATB). Different activation indexes may play different roles in the progression of TB, but there are few reports on T cell activation indicators, except for HLA-DR.

Efficacy and safety of ainuovirine versus efavirenz combination therapies with lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for medication of treatment-naïve HIV-1-positive adults: week 48 results of a randomized controlled phase 3 clinical trial followed by an open-label setting until week 96.

Background: Ainuovirine (ANV) is a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), which was initially synthesized in Korea and later further developed in both Korea and China.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive parallel group, non-inferiority, phase 3 trial was conducted in 7 sites across China. Eligible HIV-1-positive antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve adults aged 18-65 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine (TDF+3TC) in combination with either ANV (ANV group) or efavirenz (EFV group) for up to 48 weeks.

Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for initial treatment of HIV-1 and hepatitis B coinfection (ALLIANCE): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.

Background: For most adults with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection, initial recommended treatment is a tenofovir-containing antiretroviral regimen, but no randomised studies have compared tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with tenofovir alafenamide. We aimed to investigate whether bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide is non-inferior to dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for viral suppression in individuals with HIV-1 and HBV coinfection at 48 and 96 weeks.

Methods: We did this randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial at 46 outpatient centres in China, Dominican Republic, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, and the USA.

Band engineering enhances thermoelectric performance of Ag-doped SnSe.

Ag doping can effectively increase the carrier concentration of-type SnSe polycrystalline, thereby enhancing the thermoelectric (TE) performance. However, the key role of the transport valence band in Ag-doped SnSe remains unclear. Particularly, understanding the influence of evaluating the optimal balance between band convergence and carrier mobility on weighted mobility is a primary consideration in designing high-performance TE materials.

Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively inhibit virus replication and restore immune function in most people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, an important proportion of patients fail to achieve a satisfactory increase in CD4 T cell counts. This state is called incomplete immune reconstitution or immunological nonresponse (INR).