Curcumin relieves CFA-induced inflammatory pain by inhibiting the AP-1/c-Jun-CCL2-CCR2 pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.

Inflammatory pain is a pervasive clinical issue that severely diminishes individuals' quality of life. AP-1 (Activating protein-1) is a transcription factor composed of Jun and Fos proteins. Upregulation of AP-1/c-Jun activity is observed in a variety of diseases, particularly in inflammatory conditions.