Progressive spinal destruction secondary to minimal vertebral fracture in a patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a case report.

Early operative fixation is widely recognized as essential for managing spinal fractures in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). However, no report to date has addressed the occurrence of minimal vertebral fractures diagnosable only through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in these patients and the associated temporal changes in the fracture site. In this report, we describe a rare clinical case involving an 81-year-old man who developed progressive spinal destruction secondary to a minimal vertebral fracture.

A Half-Century Dialysis Survivor: Clinical and Autopsy Findings.

A man in his 20s initiated intermittent peritoneal dialysis in the late 1960s. He subsequently transitioned to hemodialysis and survived for more than 50 years, spanning low-flux and high-flux hemodialysis eras. He underwent surgery for cervical and lumbar spinal canal stenosis after 30 and 35 years, respectively, and both surgeries revealed similar degrees of severe amyloid deposition.

Frequency-response relationship between exercise and locomotive syndrome across age groups: Secondary analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan.

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the frequency-response relationship between exercise habits and locomotive syndrome (LS) in different age groups.

Methods: We analysed 8681 independent community dwellers who participated in a nationwide cross-sectional LS study. Participants were divided into young (20-39 years), middle (40-64 years), and old (≥ 65 years) groups.

Two-level Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion at the Lumbosacral Segment has a High Risk of Pseudarthrosis and Poor Clinical Outcomes: Comparison Between the Lumbar and Lumbosacral Segments.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate the fusion rate and clinical outcomes of 2-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).

Summary Of Background Data: PLIF provides favorable clinical outcomes and a high fusion rate.

Reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying mobility of 8681 adults aged 20-89 years: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan.

Background: The locomotive syndrome risk test was developed to quantify the decrease in mobility among adults, which could eventually lead to disability. The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test for adults and investigate the influence of age and sex.

Methods: We analyzed 8681 independent community dwellers (3607 men, 5074 women).

Early cephalad adjacent segment degeneration after posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a comparative study between cortical bone trajectory screw fixation and traditional trajectory screw fixation.

Objective: Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw insertion through a caudomedial starting point provides advantages in limiting dissection of the superior facet joints and reducing muscle dissection and the risk of superior-segment facet violation by the screw. These advantages of the cephalad CBT screw can result in lower rates of early cephalad adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with CBT screw fixation (CBT-PLIF) than those after PLIF using traditional trajectory screw fixation (TT-PLIF). Here, the authors investigated early cephalad ASD after CBT-PLIF and compared these results with those after TT-PLIF.

Abdominal Aortic Calcification Is a Significant Poor Prognostic Factor for Clinical Outcomes After Decompressive Laminotomy for Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To examine whether the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or advanced abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) negatively affects clinical outcomes after decompression surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS).

Methods: The subjects comprised 143 patients who underwent decompressive laminotomy for LSCS and were followed for ≥2 years.

Randomized phase 2 trial comparing JNJ-9375, a thrombin-directed antibody, with apixaban for prevention of venous thrombosis.

Background: JNJ-9375 is an antibody against exosite 1 on thrombin, inhibits substrate binding but not catalytic activity.

Objective: To examine the possibility that JNJ-9375 attenuates thrombosis without affecting hemostasis, we compared the efficacy and safety of JNJ-9375 and apixaban.

Methods: In this double-blind, double-dummy phase 2 trial, 308 patients undergoing knee arthroplasty were randomized to receive either a single postoperative intravenous infusion of JNJ-9375 in doses ranging from 0.

Bone stock reconstruction for huge bone loss using allograft-bones, bone marrow, and teriparatide in an infected total knee arthroplasty.

Bone stock reconstruction using allograft-bones, bone marrow (BM), and teriparatide (TPTD) is reported. Huge and extensive bone losses occurred in the medullary cavity of the femur and tibia of a 55-year-old female rheumatoid arthritis patient with severe osteoporosis after debridement of her infected total knee arthroplasty. Because of the risks of unstable prosthetic fixation and intra-operation fracture, we first reconstructed the bone stock.

Introduction of integrated dental training jaw models and rubric criteria.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of introducing integrated jaw models, rubric criteria and homework tasks to a total clinical simulation training course to improve the clinical competence of preclinical dental students.

Methods: A total simulation training course, which involved six clinical dentistry departments, was held for 110 preclinical students in 2014 and 2015. We prepared integrated jaw models having several morbidities along with corresponding medical information and homework tasks.

Chronological Changes in Axial Alignment of the Ipsilateral Hip and Knee After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Internal rotation of the hip and lateral patellar tilt increases after total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, it remains unknown whether these parameters change with time after the index THA.

Methods: A total of 91 patients undergoing 2-stage bilateral primary THAs between January 2008 and May 2014 were included to assess the association of chronological changes in internal rotation of the hip or lateral patellar tilt with anthropometric and perioperative parameter and changes in alignment after the index THA.

Practice-Based Longitudinal Study of Multifactorial Risk Assessment for Periodontal Condition and Survival of Remaining Teeth in Patients with Removable Partial Dentures.

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study examined factors affecting the periodontal condition and survival of remaining teeth 5 years after removable partial denture (RPD) placement using multivariate analyses.

Materials And Methods: Of 231 patients who received RPDs at Tohoku University Hospital, 108 patients who had agreed to undergo a 5-year follow-up were examined. The outcomes of RPD treatment were assigned to one of three categories: successful (n = 58), remake (n = 36), and failure (n = 14).

Incidence of venous thromboembolism and bleeding events in patients with lower extremity orthopedic surgery: a retrospective analysis of a Japanese healthcare database.

Background: Orthopedic surgeries of lower extremities such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), and hip fracture surgery (HFS) are widely considered to carry a high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Growing attention to epidemiological studies using a healthcare database led us to quantify the risks using a Japanese database to reveal recent medical care for such events.

Methods: The study comprised 36,947 patients who had undergone orthopedic surgeries of the lower extremities and whose medical information from April 2008 to September 2013 was available.

Preoperative retrolisthesis as a predictive risk factor of reoperation due to delayed-onset symptomatic foraminal stenosis after central decompression for lumbar canal stenosis without fusion.

Background Context: For patients diagnosed with lumbar central canal stenosis with asymptomatic foraminal stenosis (FS), surgeons occasionally only decompress central stenosis and preserve asymptomatic FS. These surgeries have the potential risk of converting preoperative asymptomatic FS into symptomatic FS postoperatively by accelerating spinal degeneration, which requires reoperation. However, little is known about delayed-onset symptomatic FS postoperatively.

Clinical Outcomes After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Comparison of Cortical Bone Trajectory and Conventional Pedicle Screw Insertion.

Study Design: This study is a retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) using the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) and conventional pedicle screw (PS) techniques.

Summary Of Background Data: There are few published studies to date comparing PLIF using CBT technique with PLIF using the conventional PS technique.

Edoxaban versus enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee or hip arthroplasty: pooled analysis of coagulation biomarkers and primary efficacy and safety endpoints from two phase 3 trials.

Background: The objective of this analysis was to assess the effects of edoxaban compared with enoxaparin on key coagulation biomarkers and present pooled primary efficacy and safety results from phase 3 STARS E-3 and STARS J-V trials for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: In the randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, STARS E-3 and STARS J-V trials, patients received edoxaban 30 mg or enoxaparin 2000 IU (20 mg) twice daily for 11 to 14 days. The studies were conducted in Japan and Taiwan; enoxaparin dosing was based on Japanese label recommendations.

Clinical benefit of graduated compression stockings for prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty: post hoc analysis of a phase 3 clinical study of edoxaban.

Background: Guidelines from the Japanese Circulation Society recommend prophylaxis with anticoagulation plus intermittent pneumatic compression or graduated compression stockings (GCS) among patients at the highest risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the benefits of concomitant GCS use for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and receiving anticoagulation remain unknown. In this study, the efficacy of GCS plus anticoagulation compared with anticoagulation alone was evaluated among patients undergoing TKA.

Preoperative retrolisthesis as a risk factor of postdecompression lumbar disc herniation.

Object: In this study, the authors aimed to identify specific risk factors for postdecompression lumbar disc herniation (PDLDH) in patients who have not undergone discectomy and/or fusion.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2012, 493 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis underwent bilateral partial laminectomy without discectomy and/or fusion in a single hospital. Eighteen patients (herniation group [H group]: 15 men, 3 women; mean age 65.

Efficacy and safety of edoxaban versus enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip arthroplasty: STARS J-V.

Background: In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of edoxaban with enoxaparin for the prevention of VTE after THA in Japan.

Methods: This was a phase 3, double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority study.

Acquired permanent dislocation of the patella in a patient with rheumatoid genu valgum.

A case of acquired permanent dislocation of the patella associated with severe genu valgum in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is herein reported. The pain and genu valgum progressed because of poor RA control. The patient had no history of major trauma of the knee before or after the onset of RA.

A randomized, open-label trial of edoxaban in Japanese patients with severe renal impairment undergoing lower-limb orthopedic surgery.

Background: Edoxaban is an oral, direct, factor Xa inhibitor approved in Japan for thromboembolic prophylaxis after lower-limb orthopedic surgery (LLOS), but contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (SRI; creatinine clearance [CLCR] ≥15 to <30 mL/min).

Methods: This open-label study compared the safety of edoxaban 15 mg once daily in Japanese patients with SRI to that of edoxaban 30 mg in patients with mild renal impairment (MiRI; CLCR ≥50 to ≤80 mL/min; N = 30) undergoing LLOS. Patients with CLCR ≥20 to <30 mL/min were randomized to receive edoxaban 15 mg (N = 22) or subcutaneous fondaparinux 1.

Safety and efficacy of edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty: the STARS E-3 trial.

Introduction: This phase 3 trial compared the safety and efficacy of edoxaban, an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, with enoxaparin sodium (enoxaparin) for thromboprophylaxis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients in Japan and Taiwan.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study, patients received oral edoxaban 30 mg once daily beginning 6 to 24 hours postsurgery or enoxaparin 2000 IU (equivalent to 20 mg) subcutaneously twice daily beginning 24 to 36 hours postsurgery for 11 to 14 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of symptomatic pulmonary embolism and symptomatic and asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis.

Vertebral osteolytic defect due to cellulose particles derived from gauze fibers after posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

Vertebral cystic lesions may be observed in pseudarthroses after lumbar fusion surgery. The authors report a rare case of pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion, accompanied by an expanding vertebral osteolytic defect induced by cellulose particles. A male patient originally presented at the age of 69 years with leg and low-back pain caused by a lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis.