Differential effects of hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on the default mode network of depressed patients.

Hypnosis has been applied in healing procedures since the earliest of recorded history and today it is implemented in a wholesome concept Hypnotherapy (HT). On a neurophysiological level, hypnosis has been associated with parts of the Default Mode Network (DMN), but its effects on this network when induced in a treatment setting of a widespread disorder, namely depression, have never been investigated. Depression is associated with abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of the DMN.

Hypnotherapy compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in a randomized controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Worldwide, more than eight million people die each year as a result of tobacco use. A large proportion of smokers who want to quit are interested in alternative smoking cessation methods, of which hypnotherapy is the most popular. However, the efficacy of hypnotherapy as a tobacco cessation intervention cannot be considered sufficiently proven due to significant methodological limitations in the studies available to date.

Hypnotherapy for agoraphobia-Feasibility and efficacy investigated in a pilot study.

Unlabelled: A number of case studies describing hypnotherapy in the treatment of anxiety disorder patients have already been published. Only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the efficacy of hypnotherapy but focused mainly on symptoms rather than specific mental disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate whether hypnotherapy (HT) was superior to a waitlist control group (WL) in the reduction of agoraphobia-related symptoms.

[Hypnotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression - Results from the three and a half year follow-up of a randomized controlled non-inferiority study].

Objective: The scientific approval of hypnotherapy for certain mental disorders is still not confirmed. In a randomized-controlled study comparing the efficacy of hypnotherapy (HT) with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for mild to moderate depressive episodes, a non-inferiority of HT compared to CBT could be found. The aim of this study was to examine depressive symptomatology in the long-term course three and a half years after end of the treatment.

Long-Term Outcomes of Depression Treatment With Hypnotherapy or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

In a recent randomized controlled trial of mild to moderate depression, hypnotherapy (HT) was noninferior to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) after 6 months of outpatient treatment. In the present article, we extended the results in a secondary analysis and investigated how HT compares with CBT 1) during the course of the self-rated depressive symptoms throughout the 12-month follow-ups, 2) with regard to the rates of full remission, and 3) for the time to remission after treatment. Of the 152 randomized patients with current depression, 136 were available for the follow-up analyses.

DyKAT by DiCat: Stereoconvergent Dienamine-Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangements.

This Claisen rearrangement establishes the feasibility of DyKAT of γ-epimeric enals via dienamine formation to afford enantioenriched products. γ-Aryl and -alkyl enals, and exocyclic enals that introduce quaternary centers, are all amenable substrates. Products are readily converted into pyrrolidines or cyclopentenols.

The effects of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy in depression: a NIRS-study using an emotional gait paradigm.

Hypnotherapy (HT) is a promising approach to treating depression, but so far, no data are available on the neuronal mechanisms of functional reorganization after HT for depressed patients. Here, 75 patients with mild to moderate depression, who received either HT or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), were measured before and after therapy using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. We investigated the patients' cerebral activation during an emotional human gait paradigm.

How does early symptom change predict subsequent course of depressive symptoms during psychotherapy?

Objectives: Previous studies reported about the influence of early changes on treatment response. However, the question of whether early changes can predict the subsequent course of depressive symptoms during treatment with psychotherapy has not yet been clearly answered. We aimed to investigate whether symptom course in the first weeks at the level of individual session can predict the further symptom progression on a session to session level during psychotherapy treatment in patients with Major Depression (MD).

Efficacy of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for mild to moderate depression - Results of a randomized controlled rater-blind clinical trial.

Background: Methodologically well-designed RCTs concerning the efficacy of Hypnotherapy in the treatment of Major Depression are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether Hypnotherapy (HT) is not inferior to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the gold-standard psychotherapy, in the percentage reduction of depressive symptoms, assessed in mild to moderate Major Depression (MD).

Methods: This study reports the main results of a monocentric two-armed randomized-controlled rater-blind clinical trial.

Identifying change-dropout patterns during an Internet-based intervention for depression by applying the Muthen-Roy model.

To date, only few studies have attempted to investigate non-ignorable dropout during Internet-based interventions by applying an NMAR model, which includes missing data indicators in its equations. Here, the Muthen-Roy model was used to investigate change and dropout patterns in a sample of patients with mild-to-moderate depression symptoms ( = 483) who were randomized to a 12-week Internet-based intervention (deprexis, identifier: NCT01636752). Participants completed the PHQ-9 biweekly during the treatment.

Mental Training for Better Achievement: Effects of Verbal Suggestions and Evaluation (of Effectiveness) on Cognitive Performance.

There is only some literature regarding the influence of verbal suggestions on cognitive performance in healthy volunteers. For example, the performance in a knowledge test was enhanced when participants were told that they had subliminally received the correct answer. However, enhancing cognitive performance only via verbal suggestions without prior conditioning phases has not yet been examined.

[Implementation of an Internet-Based Self-Help for Patients Waiting for Outpatient Psychotherapy - First Results].

Introduction: Numerous studies prove the efficacy of internet-based self-help programs, but integration into the health-care system was rarely investigated. The present study addresses the implementation of an internet-based self-help program into routine care of patients with depressive symptoms waiting for psychotherapy at the university outpatient center.

Material And Methods: Patients waiting for outpatient psychotherapy were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group that received access to the internet-based program Deprexis during the waiting period.

The association between adherence and outcome in an Internet intervention for depression.

Background: Adherence to Internet interventions is often reported to be rather low and this might adversely impact the effectiveness of these interventions. We investigated if patient characteristics are associated with adherence, and if adherence is associated with treatment outcome in a large RCT of an Internet intervention for depression, the EVIDENT trial.

Methods: Patients were randomized to either care as usual (CAU) or CAU plus the Internet intervention Deprexis.

[E-Health in diagnosis and therapy of mental disorders : Will therapists soon become superfluous?].

Digital media, online programs, and electronic health systems are available and easily accessible for diagnostic, prevention, and intervention of somatic and psychiatric disorders. These modern tools can assess objective as well as subjective information about acute symptoms, wellbeing, life quality, sleep, physiological indicators, etc. Wearables and apps collect data over days and weeks in the real world of subjects.

Efficacy of hypnotherapy compared to cognitive-behavioural therapy for mild-to-moderate depression: study protocol of a randomised-controlled rater-blind trial (WIKI-D).

Introduction: Despite a substantial number of studies providing evidence for the efficacy of psychological treatment for mild-to-moderate depression, maximally only 50% of participants respond to treatment, even when using gold-standard treatments such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy. New approaches such as the 'third wave' psychotherapies have provided promising results; however, studies concerning the comparison with evidence-based treatments are lacking. This study aims to compare the efficacy of clinical hypnotherapy (HT) with gold-standard psychotherapy (CBT) in the treatment of mild-to-moderate major depressive episodes.

Catalytic Enantioselective Intermolecular [5 + 2] Dipolar Cycloadditions of a 3-Hydroxy-4-pyrone-Derived Oxidopyrylium Ylide.

The first catalytic enantioselective [5 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of a 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone-derived oxidopyrylium ylide is described. These studies leveraged the recently recognized ability of oxidopyrylium dimers to serve as the source of ylide, which was found to be key to increasing yields and achieving enantiomeric excesses up to 99%. General reaction conditions were identified for an array of α,β-unsaturated aldehyde dipolarophiles.

Defining and Predicting Patterns of Early Response in a Web-Based Intervention for Depression.

Background: Web-based interventions for individuals with depressive disorders have been a recent focus of research and may be an effective adjunct to face-to-face psychotherapy or pharmacological treatment.

Objective: The aim of our study was to examine the early change patterns in Web-based interventions to identify differential effects.

Methods: We applied piecewise growth mixture modeling (PGMM) to identify different latent classes of early change in individuals with mild-to-moderate depression (n=409) who underwent a CBT-based web intervention for depression.

Aberrant functional connectivity in depression as an index of state and trait rumination.

Depression has been shown to be related to a variety of aberrant brain functions and structures. Particularly the investigation of alterations in functional connectivity (FC) in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been a promising endeavor, since a better understanding of pathological brain networks may foster our understanding of the disease. However, the underling mechanisms of aberrant FC in MDD are largely unclear.

Attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, self-esteem, and association to depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders.

Background: Cognitive factors might be the link between early attachment experiences and later depression. Similar cognitive vulnerability factors are discussed as relevant for both unipolar and bipolar disorders. The goals of the study were to test if there are any differences concerning attachment style and cognitive factors between remitted unipolar and bipolar patients compared to controls, and to test if the association between attachment style and depressive symptoms is mediated by cognitive factors.

Effects of a Psychological Internet Intervention in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depressive Symptoms: Results of the EVIDENT Study, a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Mild to moderate depressive symptoms are common but often remain unrecognized and treated inadequately. We hypothesized that an Internet intervention in addition to usual care is superior to care as usual alone (CAU) in the treatment of mild to moderate depressive symptoms in adults.

Methods: This trial was controlled, randomized and assessor-blinded.

Validation of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS)-Psychometric properties of the long and short form.

With the development of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) by Kanter, et al. [1], different behavioral aspects of depression like activation, rumination or avoidance, and functional impairment can be measured. The long and the short versions of the BADS, however, show differences in the quality of psychometric properties.

Implicit motives and cognitive variables: specific links to vulnerability for unipolar or bipolar disorder.

Cognitive variables contribute to the etiology of affective disorders. With the differentiation between explicit and implicit measures some studies have indicated underlying depressogenic schemata even in bipolar disorders. We tested for differences in implicit motives and cognitive variables between patients with remitted unipolar and bipolar disorder compared to controls and in a high-risk sample.

Recognizing mania in children and adolescents-age does not matter, but decreased need for sleep does.

Background: The diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorders is a controversial topic. If this is mainly due to a bias against a diagnosis in younger children, then just changing the information about the age of a patient should influence the likelihood of a diagnosis despite otherwise identical symptoms. Therefore, we designed a study to test if the age of a patient will influence diagnostic decisions.