Prevalence estimates of Helicobacter species infection in pancreatic and biliary tract cancers.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer and has been linked to other gastrointestinal diseases, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancers; however, the relevance of enterohepatic non-H. pylori helicobacters to the pathophysiology of these diseases remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: We estimated the prevalence of two enterohepatic non-H.

Lantibiotics Produced by Oral Inhabitants as a Trigger for Dysbiosis of Human Intestinal Microbiota.

Lantibiotics are a type of bacteriocin produced by Gram-positive bacteria and have a wide spectrum of Gram-positive antimicrobial activity. In this study, we determined that Mutacin I/III and Smb (a dipeptide lantibiotic), which are mainly produced by the widespread cariogenic bacterium , have strong antimicrobial activities against many of the Gram-positive bacteria which constitute the intestinal microbiota. These lantibiotics also demonstrate resistance to acid and temperature.

Acanthamoeba castellanii supports extracellular survival of Helicobacter pylori in co-culture.

This study aimed to demonstrate whether Helicobacter pylori is able to survive in co-culture with a protozoan, Acanthamoeba castellanii, in order to further investigate a possible aqueous environmental mode of transmission. Numbers of H. pylori in co-culture with A castellanii were assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay and cell morphology was observed by electron microscopy.

Effect of Helicobacter pylori biofilm formation on susceptibility to amoxicillin, metronidazole and clarithromycin.

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori forms biofilms in vitro and in vivo. We previously demonstrated that H. pylori biofilm formation in vitro decreased its susceptibility to clarithromycin (CAM).

Enhanced infectivity of strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from children compared with parental strains.

Purpose: Intra-familial infection, mother-to-child infection, is considered to be one of the main routes of transmission for Helicobacter pylori, in developed countries such as Japan. A major role for intra-familial spread in the pathogenicity of H. pylori is now beyond controversy, although the major route of transmission remains poorly understood.

Influence of Intestinal Indigenous Microbiota on Intrafamilial Infection by in Japan.

is a causative pathogen of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Humans are known to be a natural host for and tend to acquire the pathogen before the age of 5 years. The infection may then persist lifelong if eradication therapy is not applied.

Diversification of the AlpB Outer Membrane Protein of Helicobacter pylori Affects Biofilm Formation and Cellular Adhesion.

is one of the most common causes of bacterial infection in humans, and it forms biofilms on human gastric mucosal epithelium as well as on abiotic surfaces. Bacterial biofilm is critical not only for environmental survival but also for successful infection. We previously demonstrated that strain TK1402, which was isolated from a Japanese patient with duodenal and gastric ulcers, has high biofilm-forming ability relative to other strains.

Analysis of intra-familial transmission of Helicobacter pylori in Japanese families.

Intra-familial infection is considered to be one of the main routes of transmission for Helicobacter pylori in Japan. We assessed the genomic profiles of H. pylori isolates from family members by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and identified the original strain infecting the index child.

Evaluation of a stool antigen test using a mAb for native catalase for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adults.

Non-invasive diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection is important not only for screening of infection but also for epidemiological studies. Stool antigen tests are non-invasive and are convenient to identify H. pylori infection, particularly in children.

Multilocus sequence typing of DNA from faecal specimens for the analysis of intra-familial transmission of Helicobacter pylori.

This study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of total DNA extracted from faecal specimens to genotype Helicobacter pylori to analyse intra-familial transmission. Faecal DNA was extracted and amplified by nested PCR. The products were analysed by direct sequencing and the allele type was determined using an MLST website.

Ciliates expel environmental Legionella-laden pellets to stockpile food.

When Tetrahymena ciliates are cultured with Legionella pneumophila, the ciliates expel bacteria packaged in free spherical pellets. Why the ciliates expel these pellets remains unclear. Hence, we determined the optimal conditions for pellet expulsion and assessed whether pellet expulsion contributes to the maintenance of growth and the survival of ciliates.

Inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile in vitro by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain.

In contrast to most modern pharmaceuticals, probiotics are used in many parts of the world with little or no research data on the complex system of interactions that each strain may elicit in the human body. Research on probiotics has recently become more significant, as probiotics have begun to be prescribed by clinicians as an alternative for some gut infections, especially when antibiotics are contraindicated. This study attempted to elucidate the inhibitory interaction between the Japanese probiotic strain Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) and the hospital pathogen Clostridium difficile, which is responsible for a large proportion of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and colitis.

Analysis of outer membrane vesicle protein involved in biofilm formation of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of bacterial infection in humans. Infection with H. pylori is closely associated with gastritis and peptic ulcers and is a risk factor for gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.