3D hierarchical graphene matrices enable stable Zn anodes for aqueous Zn batteries.

Metallic zinc anodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries suffer from severe dendrite and side reaction issues, resulting in poor cycling stability, especially at high rates and capacities. Herein, we develop two three-dimensional hierarchical graphene matrices consisting of nitrogen-doped graphene nanofibers clusters anchored on vertical graphene arrays of modified multichannel carbon. The graphene matrix with radial direction carbon channels possesses high surface area and porosity, which effectively minimizes the surface local current density, manipulates the Zn ions concentration gradient, and homogenizes the electric field distribution to regulate Zn deposition.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Materials in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety, large capacity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, their commercialization is currently hindered by several challenging issues, including cathode degradation and zinc dendrite growth. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have gained significant attention and are widely used in AZIBs due to their highly porous structures, large specific surface area, and ability to design frameworks for Zn shuttle.

Toxicity and detoxification of T-2 toxin in poultry.

This review summarizes the updated knowledge on the toxicity of T-2 on poultry, followed by potential strategies for detoxification of T-2 in poultry diet. The toxic effects of T-2 on poultry include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, metabolism modulation, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, skeletal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc. Cytotoxicity is the primary toxicity of T-2, characterized by inhibiting protein and nucleic acid synthesis, altering the cell cycle, inducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis, which lead to damages of immune organs, liver, digestive tract, bone, kidney, etc.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed regioselective C(sp)-H activation of indoles at the C4-position with iodonium ylides.

Herein, we report a Rh(III)-catalyzed C4-selective activation of indoles by using iodonium ylides as carbene precursors. This protocol proceeded under redox neutral reaction conditions and provided important coupling products with good tolerance of functional groups and high yields. In addition, one-pot synthesis and scale-up and mechanistic studies were also conducted.

Development of a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of ilaprazole enantiomers in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic application.

In Korea and China, ilaprazole is a widely used proton pump inhibitor in the treatment of gastric ulcers. In this study, a specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of ilaprazole enantiomers in the rat plasma, using -lansoprazole as the internal standard. The enantioseparation was achieved on a CHIRALPAK AS-RH column (4.

A novel metformin derivative showed improvement of lipid metabolism in obese rats with type 2 diabetes.

In this study, we investigated the lipid metabolism regulatory activity of a novel metformin derivative (MD568) and its potential mechanism of action in obese rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T DM). Previous gene chip analysis of 3T3-L1 cells have shown that MD568 regulates the transcription of genes involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. In this study, obese T DM rats were treated with MD568 (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks.

[Progress on the sample techniques and analytical methods for typical perfluorinated organic acids].

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are typical perfluorinated organic acids with hepatotoxicity, embryonic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and neurotoxicity. As the final degradation products of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) precursors, PFOS and PFOA are detected frequently. Presently, there are no unified standards for the detection of PFOS and PFOA.

Redox-derivatization reaction-based rapid and sensitive determination of nitrite using resonance Rayleigh scattering method.

It remains a problem for direct detection of small inorganic nitrite ions using resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) method based on the direct dye-binding reaction. In the present study, a redox-derivatization reaction taking only 5 min was introduced prior to nitrite detection. In the redox-derivatization reaction, nitrite ions were reduced by excess iodine ions to generate triiodide ions (I), which were further derivatized with a cationic dye (basic violet 1, BV1) to form the ion associates of I-BV1.

Study of Separation and Identification of the Active Ingredients in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Based on a Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography by Coupling Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography.

In this paper, by coupling reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), a two-dimensional liquid chromatography system was developed for separation and identification of the active ingredients in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE). By applying the semi-preparative C18 column as the first dimension and the core-shell column as the second dimension, a total of 896 peaks of GJE were separated. Among the 896 peaks, 16 active ingredients including geniposide, gardenoside, gardoside, etc.

[Simultaneous determination of 16 flavonoids in the ginkgo dietary supplement tea by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method for the determination of 16 functional components of ginkgo dietary supplement tea such as catechin, vitexin, puerarin, isoflavoues aglycone, silymarin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, naringenin, hesperitin dihydrochalcone, kaempferol, hesperitin, isorhamnetin, baicalein, nobiletin and tangeretin by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was proposed. The conditions of chromatography and mass spectrometry were optimized. The 16 flavonoids were separated on a C18 chromatographic column with acetonitrile and water (additional 0.

Analysis of lignans in Magnoliae Flos by turbulent flow chromatography with online solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

In this study, a method coupling turbulent flow chromatography with online solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for analyzing the lignans in Magnoliae Flos. By the online pretreatment of turbulent flow chromatography solid-phase extraction, the impurities removal and analytes concentration were automatically processed, and the lignans were separated rapidly and well. Seven lignans of Magnoliae Flos including epieudesmin, magnolin, 1-irioresinol-B-dimethyl ether, epi-magnolin, fargesin aschantin, and demethoxyaschantin were identified by comparing their retention behavior, UV spectra, and mass spectra with those of reference substances or literature data.

Pd catalyzed insertion of alkynes into cyclic diaryliodoniums: a direct access to multi-substituted phenanthrenes.

Cyclic diaryliodoniums remain unexplored compared to linear iodoniums. In our current work, internal alkynes were for the first time applied to react with cyclic iodoniums, catalyzed by Pd, resulting in a [4 + 2] benzannulation. Our work offers a new strategy to synthesize multi-substituted phenanthrene derivatives which are not easily accessed by conventional methods.

[Simultaneous determination of 11 constituents in Citrus reticulate 'Chachi' by high performance liquid chromatography].

An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 constituents, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF), vicenin-2, hesperidin, hesperetin, isosinensetin, sinensetin, tetramethyl-O-isoscutellarein (TEOS), nobiletin, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3', 4'-heptamethoxy- flavone (HEPTA), tangeretin, 5-demethylnobiletin in Citrus reticulate 'Chachi'. The separation was conducted on a Hanbon Benatach C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with acetonitrile and 0.

Palladium catalyzed dual C-H functionalization of indoles with cyclic diaryliodoniums, an approach to ring fused carbazole derivatives.

Palladium(II)-catalyzed dual C-H functionalization of indoles with cyclic diaryliodoniums was successfully achieved, providing a concise method to synthesize dibenzocarbazoles. In a single operation, two C-C bonds and one ring were formed. The reaction was ligand free and tolerated air and moisture conditions.

Chemical fingerprint and metabolic profile analysis of Citrus reticulate 'Chachi' decoction by HPLC-PDA-IT-MS(n) and HPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS method.

A method incorporating HPLC-PDA-IT-MS(n) with HPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS was developed for the investigation of chemical fingerprint of Citrus reticulate 'Chachi' decoction (CRCD) and metabolic profile of SD rat plasma sample after oral administration of CRCD (1.5 g herb/kg). A total of 27 chemical constituents of CRCD were identified from their MW, UV spectra, MS(n) data and retention behavior by comparing the results with those of the reference standards or literature.

Three-component Pd/Cu-catalyzed cascade reactions of cyclic iodoniums, alkynes, and boronic acids: an approach to methylidenefluorenes.

Linear diaryliodonium salts are widely used as arylating reagents for C-C and C-X bond formation. Meanwhile, synthetic applications of cyclic iodoniums are relatively rare although they offer the opportunity to set up reaction cascades. We demonstrate an atom and step economical three-component reaction involving cyclic diphenyleneiodoniums, alkynes, and boronic acids, resulting in the construction of methylidenefluorenes in a single operation.

Systems biochemical responses of rats to Kansui and vinegar-processed Kansui exposure by integrated metabonomics.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The dried root of Kansui (Euphorbia kansui L.) is an effective and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Even so, Kansui cannot be satisfactorily applied clinically because of toxic side effects.

1H NMR-based metabonomics study of the urinary biochemical changes in Kansui treated rat.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The dried root of Kansui (Euphorbia kansui L.) is a commonly used and effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Aim Of The Study: We combined the urinary metabolites alteration and traditional assays of Kansui-induced rats to discuss the mechanism of toxicity of Kansui.

Synthesis, structure, DNA-binding properties, and cytotoxicity of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes.

Many ruthenium(II) complexes show high antitumor activities, and the in vitro antitumor activities are usually related to DNA binding. We designed and synthesized two Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, [Ru(dmp)2(fpp)]2+ (dmp=2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; fpp=2-[3,4-(difluoromethylenedioxy)phenyl]imidazo[4,5-f] [1,10]phenanthroline and [Ru(phen)(2)(fpp)]2+ (phen=1,10-phenanthroline). The DNA-binding properties of these complexes have been investigated by spectroscopic titration, DNA melting experiments, viscosity measurements, and photoactivated cleavage.

2-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolinoruthenium(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, DNA-binding and antioxidant activity.

A new ligand DBHIP and its two ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(dmb)(2)(DBHIP)](ClO(4))(2) (1) and [Ru(dmp)(2)(DBHIP)](ClO(4))(2) (2) have been synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of DBHIP and complexes 1 and 2 has been assessed by MTT assay. The apoptosis studies were carried out with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining methods.

Synthesis of ruthenium(II) complexes and characterization of their cytotoxicity in vitro, apoptosis, DNA-binding and antioxidant activity.

A new ligand DBHIP and its two ruthenium (II) complexes [Ru(bpy)(2)(DBHIP)](ClO(4))(2) (1) and [Ru(phen)(2)(DBHIP)](ClO(4))(2) (2) have been synthesized and characterized. The binding behaviors of the two complexes to calf thymus DNA were investigated by absorption spectra, viscosity measurements, thermal denaturation and photoactivated cleavage. The DNA-binding constants for complexes 1 and 2 have been determined to be 8.

In vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, DNA-binding, and antioxidant activity studies of ruthenium (II) complexes.

Two new ligands maip (1) (maip = 2-(3-aminophenyl)imizado[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), paip (2) (paip = 2-(4-aminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), and their ruthenium (II) complexes [Ru(phen)(2)(maip)](ClO(4))(2) (3) and [Ru(phen)(2)(paip)](ClO(4))(2) (4) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The apoptosis assay was carried out with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining methods.

Bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')(10,11,12,13-tetra-hydro-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-κN,N)ruthenium(II) bis-(perchlorate) dihydrate.

The title compound, [Ru(C(14)H(12)N(2))(2)(C(18)H(14)N(4))](ClO(4))(2)·2H(2)O, consists of an Ru(II) complex cation, two perchlorate anions and two uncoordinated water mol-ecules. The Ru(II) ion is chelated by a 10,11,12,13-tetra-hydro-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine ligand and two 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The two uncoord-inated water mol-ecules are disordered over five positions, with an occupancy factor of about 0.

Bis[bis-(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)(10,11,12,13-tetra-hydro-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine)ruthenium(II)] tetra-kis(perchlorate) acetonitrile disolvate monohydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ru(C(12)H(12)N(2))(2)(C(18)H(14)N(4))](2)(ClO(4))(4)·2CH(3)CN·H(2)O, contains two Ru(II) complex cations, four perchlorate counter-anions, two uncoord-inated acetonitrile mol-ecules and one water mol-ecule. The Ru(II) ions are chelated by one 10,11,12,13-tetra-hydro-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dpqc) and two 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmb) ligands in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The uncoordinated water mol-ecule is disordered over three positions, with occupancy factors of 0.

Synthesis, DNA-binding, photocleavage, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes.

Two new ligands maip (1a), paip (1b) with their ruthenium (II) complexes [Ru(bpy)(2)(maip)](ClO(4))(2) (2a) and [Ru(bpy)(2)(paip)](ClO(4))(2) (2b) have been synthesized and characterized. The results show that complexes 2a and 2b interact with DNA through intercalative mode. The cytotoxicity of these compounds has been evaluated by MTT assay.