Data-Independent Acquisition Proteome Technology for Analysis of Antifungal and Anti-aflatoxigenic Properties of Eugenol to .

Several toxicogenic , such as and , could biosynthesize aflatoxin B (AFB) and other mycotoxins. Chemical fungicides are commonly used to control fungal contamination, but chemical residues may pose significant risks to human health and environmental stability. Consequently, natural antifungal and aflatoxin-inhibiting agents could be sustainable alternatives.

New application of a dye-decolorizing peroxidase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles for efficient simultaneous degradation of two mycotoxins.

Nowadays the enzymatic approaches are the most promising strategies for mycotoxins detoxification in food stuffs. Herein, the dye-decolorizing peroxidase RhDypB from Rhodococcus jostii was studied for its ability to degrade two mycotoxins in both free and the immobilized enzyme forms. This enzyme was recombinantly expressed and purified, while FeO nanoparticles were prepared and modified with chitosan as the immobilization carrier.

Metarhizium spp. encode an ochratoxin cluster and a high efficiency ochratoxin-degrading amidohydrolase revealed by genomic analysis.

Introduction: Ochratoxins (OTs) are worldwide regulated mycotoxins contaminating a variety of food-environment and agro-environment. Several Aspergillus and Pencillium species synthesize OTs from a six-gene biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) to produce the highly toxic final product OTA. Although many studies on OTA-degrading enzymes were performed, high efficiency enzymes with strong stability are extremely needed, and the OTA degrading mechanism is poorly understood.

Development of a "Signal-On" Fluorescent Aptasensor for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of ZEN in Cereal Products Using Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Based on the Inner Filter Effect.

This study aimed to develop a novel fluorescent aptasensor for the quantitative detection of zearalenone (ZEN), addressing the limitations of conventional detection techniques in terms of speed, sensitivity, and ease of use. Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were synthesized via the hydrothermal method, resulting in spherical particles with a diameter of 3.25 nm.

Effects of Aspergillus flavus infection on multi-scale structures and physicochemical properties of maize starch during storage.

This study systematically analyzed the effect of Aspergillus flavus infection on the maize starch multi-scale structure, physicochemical properties, processing characteristics, and synthesis regulation. A. flavus infection led to a decrease in the content of starch, an increase in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), a significant decrease in the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Analysis of the impact of drying on common wheat quality and safety.

Mycotoxin contamination in grain has been an ongoing concern in the world. Wheat, as a staple crop in China, is particularly notable for its mycotoxin contamination. The main mycotoxins in wheat include deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivates, zearalenone (ZEN) and aflatoxin B (AFB).

Fus3 Interacts with Gal83, Revealing the MAPK Crosstalk to Snf1/AMPK to Regulate Secondary Metabolic Substrates in .

Aflatoxins (AFs), highly carcinogenic natural products, are produced by the secondary metabolism of fungi such as . Essential for the fungi to respond to environmental changes and aflatoxin synthesis, the pheromone mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a potential regulator of aflatoxin biosynthesis. However, the mechanism by which pheromone MAPK regulates aflatoxin biosynthesis is not clear.

Antifungal potential of lipopeptides produced by the Sh420 strain against .

Biological control is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling spp. infestations. In this work, Sh420 isolated from wheat rhizosphere showed a high antifungal activity against as a secure substitute for fungicides.

Characterization and toxicological potential of associated with post-harvest fruit rot of in China.

Post-harvest fruit rot caused by species is one of the most important threats to the fruit industry. Post-harvest rot on sweet cherry () fruit was observed in the fruit markets of the Haidian district of Beijing, China. The fungal isolates obtained from the infected sweet cherry fruits matched the descriptions of based on the morphology and multi-gene (ITS, endo-PG, and Alta1) sequence analysis.

AwSclB regulates a network for Aspergillus westerdijkiae asexual sporulation and secondary metabolism independent of the fungal light control.

As a prevalent pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae poses a threat to both food safety and human health. The fungal growth, conidia production and ochratoxin A (OTA) in A. weterdijkiae are regulated by many factors especially transcription factors.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-1 inhibiting fungal spoilage in agricultural products is improved by metabolic engineering of enhancing surfactin yield.

Fungi and subsequent mycotoxins contamination in agricultural products have caused enormous losses and great harm to human and animal health. Biological control has attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages, including mild conditions, low cost, high efficiency and low nutrient loss. In this study, a newly isolated strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-1 (A-1), was screened for its ability to inhibit the growth and Aflatoxin B (AFB) production of Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3357.

Combined exposure to deoxynivalenol facilitates lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat-diet-induced obesity mice.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene toxin that mainly produced by strains of Fusarium spp. DON contamination is widely distributed and is a global food safety threat. Existing studies have expounded its harmful effects on growth inhibition, endocrine disruption, immune function impairment, and reproductive toxicity.

Simultaneous degradation of aflatoxin B and zearalenone by Porin and Peroxiredoxin enzymes cloned from Acinetobacter nosocomialis Y1.

Mycotoxin contamination can cause severe health issues for both humans and animals. This study examined the potential of enzymes derived from Acinetobacter nosocomialis Y1 to simultaneously degrade aflatoxin B (AFB) and zearalenone (ZEN), which could have significant implications in reducing mycotoxin contamination. Two enzymes, Porin and Peroxiredoxin, were identified with molecular weights of 27.

Identification of a Novel IS-6 Nudix Hydrolase Nh-9 Involved in Ochratoxin A Detoxification by Transcriptomic Profiling and Functional Verification.

Contamination of foods and feeds with Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a global problem, and its detoxification is challenging. In this study, IS-6 culture isolate supernatant degraded 1.5 g/mL OTA by 89% after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, whereas viable cells and intra-cell extracts were less effective.

SakA Regulates Morphological Development, Ochratoxin A Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity of and the Response to Different Environmental Stresses.

Ochratoxin A (OTA), as a common mycotoxin, has seriously harmful effects on agricultural products, livestock and humans. There are reports on the regulation of SakA in the MAPK pathway, which regulates the production of mycotoxins. However, the role of SakA in the regulation of and OTA production is not clear.

Metagenome Analysis Identifies Microbial Shifts upon Deoxynivalenol Exposure and Post-Exposure Recovery in the Mouse Gut.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent food-associated mycotoxins, and is known to cause a variety of adverse health effects on human and animals. Upon oral exposure, the intestine is the main target organ of DON. The current study unraveled that DON exposure (2 mg/kg bw/day or 5 mg/kg bw/day) can significantly reshape the gut microbiota in a mouse model.

Biocontrol potential of lipopeptides produced by the novel strain Y17B against postharvest fruit rot of cherry.

The use of synthetic fungicides against postharvest rot adversely affects human health and the environment. In this study, as a safe alternative to fungicides, strain Y17B isolated from soil exhibited significant antifungal activity against Y17B was identified as based on phenotypic identification and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. To reveal the antimicrobial activity of this strain, a PCR-based study detected the presence of antifungal lipopeptide (LP) biosynthetic genes from genomic DNA.

Accurate and non-destructive monitoring of mold contamination in foodstuffs based on whole-cell biosensor array coupling with machine-learning prediction models.

Mold contamination in foodstuffs causes huge economic losses, quality deterioration and mycotoxin production. Thus, non-destructive and accurate monitoring of mold occurrence in foodstuffs is highly required. We proposed a novel whole-cell biosensor array to monitor pre-mold events in foodstuffs.

Smartphone-based chemiluminescence detection of aflatoxin B via labelled and label-free dual sensing systems.

To develop a sensing platform for onsite determination of AFB in foodstuffs, we developed smartphone-based chemiluminescence detection of AFB via labelled and label-free dual modes. The labelled mode was characteristic of double streptavidin-biotin mediated signal amplification, obtaining limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04 ng/mL in the linear range of 1-100 ng/mL.

A Novel and Label-Free Chemiluminescence Detection of Zearalenone Based on a Truncated Aptamer Conjugated with a G-Quadruplex DNAzyme.

Zearalenone (ZEN), one of the most frequently occurring mycotoxin contaminants in foods and feeds, poses considerable threat to human and animal health, owing to its acute and chronic toxicities. Thus, rapid and accurate detection of ZEN has attracted broad research interest. In this work, a novel and label-free chemiluminescence aptasensor based on a ZEN aptamer and a G-quadruplex DNAzyme was constructed.

Microbial Enzymes Involved in the Biotransformation of Major Mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins, the most researched biological toxins, can contaminate food and feed, resulting in severe health implications for humans and animals. Physical, chemical, and biological techniques are used to mitigate mycotoxin contamination. The biotransformation method using whole microbial cells or isolated enzymes is the best choice to mitigate mycotoxins.

Impact of environmental factors on ochratoxin A: From natural occurrence to control strategy.

Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination and the associated issues of food security, food safety and economic loss are widespread throughout the world. The occurrence of OTA depends on ochratoxigenic fungi, foodstuffs and their environment. In this review, natural occurrence and control strategy of OTA, with a focus on the impact of environmental factors, are summarized.

The Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Diversity From .

, generally known as a food spoilage fungus, is the representative species in section . strains are widely distributed in nature, and usually isolated from cereal, coffee, fruit, and beverage. Increasing cases suggest acts as human and animal pathogens due to producing the mycotoxins.

Non-linear association between serum spermidine and mild cognitive impairment: Results from a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Background: Although animal studies show that spermidine (SPD) affects cognitive function, the relevant evidence among humans is limited. We aim to examine the association between serum SPD levels and cognitive performance.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal study including a baseline and one follow-up survey.