Identification of exosomal microRNAs and related hub genes associated with imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle in cancer therapy, and identifying novel druggable targets to reverse this phenomenon is essential. The exosome-mediated transmittance of drug resistance has been shown in various cancer models including ovarian and prostate cancer models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of exosomal miRNA transfer in chronic myeloid leukemia drug resistance.

Effect of Probucol on Proliferation of Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, Lymphoma, and Fibroblast Cells.

Objectives: Probucol is a bisphenol antioxidant with antiinflammatory, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effect. Development and progression of cancer is closely related to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Agents that target these processes have been shown to modulate cancer cell proliferation.

Perturbation of HSP Network in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Triggers Inducible HSP70 Expression and Leads to Tumor Suppression.

Background: Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is constitutively expressed in normal cells but aberrantly expressed in several types of tumor cells, helping their survival in extreme conditions. Thus, specific inhibition of HSP70 in tumor cells is a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. HSP70 has a variety of isoforms in the cellular organelles and form different functions by coordinating and cooperating with cochaperones.

Expression analysis of Akirin-2, NFκB-p65 and β-catenin proteins in imatinib resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia.

Objective: Chronic myleoid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized with the constitutive activation of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase which is a target for imatinib, the first line treatment option for CML. Constitutive activation of NFκB and β-catenin signaling promotes cellular proliferation and survival and resistance to Imatinib therapy in CML. Akirin-2 is a nuclear protein which is required for NFκB dependent gene expression as a cofactor and has been linked to Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.

Effects of varying degrees of partial bladder outlet obstruction on urinary bladder function of rats: A novel link to inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of obstruction, and the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia parameters on bladder function.

Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 in each group): (i) sham-operated control; (ii) severe partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO); and (iii) moderate PBOO. Severe and moderate PBOO were induced by urethral ligation using 3-Fr and 4-Fr catheters, respectively, for 6 weeks.

Apoptotic Effects of Some Tetrahydronaphthalene Derivatives on K562 Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line.

Background: Retinoids which are vitamin A (Retinol) derivatives have been suggested to mediate the inhibition of cancer cell growth and apoptosis. It has been reported that all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exhibited suppressive effects on different types of leukemia including chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Objective: In the present study, we aim to find out the effects of 6 synthetic N-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalene-2-yl)-carboxamide derivatives (compound 6-12) on cell viability and apoptotic pathways in K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line.

Methylsulfonylmethane Induces p53 Independent Apoptosis in HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cells.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is an organic sulfur-containing compound which has been used as a dietary supplement for osteoarthritis. MSM has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as exhibit apoptotic or anti-apoptotic effects depending on the cell type or activating stimuli. However, there are still a lot of unknowns about the mechanisms of actions of MSM.

Methylsulfonylmethane modulates apoptosis of LPS/IFN-γ-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells by targeting p53, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c and PARP proteins.

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a non-toxic, natural organosulfur compound, which is known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In recent years, MSM has been widely used as a dietary supplement for its beneficial effects against various diseases, especially arthritis. Despite being a popular supplement product, the mechanism of action of MSM is not well known.

Gingerol metabolite and a synthetic analogue Capsarol inhibit macrophage NF-kappaB-mediated iNOS gene expression and enzyme activity.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with beneficial effects reported in numerous diseases, including inflammation. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a proinflammatory enzyme responsible for the generation of nitric oxide (NO), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Gingerols, the main pungent principles of ginger, have anti-inflammatory properties in vitro.

Phytopreventative anti-hyperlipidemic effects of gynostemma pentaphyllum in rats.

Purpose: Gynostemma pentaphyllum is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Preliminary studies indicate Gynostemma isolated triterpine glycosides lower cholesterol. Our studies examine anti-hyperlipidemic effects of gypenosides.

Effects of simvastatin treatment on oxidant/antioxidant state and ultrastructure of streptozotocin-diabetic rat lung.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and ultrastructure of diabetic rat lung. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (45 mg kg(-1), i.p.

iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production and its regulation.

This review focuses on the production of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and its regulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. NO is an important biological mediator in the living organism that is synthesized from L-arginine using NADPH and molecular oxygen. However, the overproduction of NO which is catalyzed by iNOS, a soluble enzyme and active in its dimeric form, is cytotoxic.

Effects of L-carnitine treatment on oxidant/antioxidant state and vascular reactivity of streptozotocin-diabetic rat aorta.

In this study, the effects of L-carnitine treatment on lipids, lipid peroxidation of plasma, reactivity and antioxidant enzyme activity of aorta were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Treatment with L-carnitine (0.6 g kg(-1) daily, i.

Gypenosides derived from Gynostemma pentaphyllum suppress NO synthesis in murine macrophages by inhibiting iNOS enzymatic activity and attenuating NF-kappaB-mediated iNOS protein expression.

Gypenosides isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with beneficial effects reported in numerous diseases, including inflammation and atherosclerosis, although the mechanism underlying these therapeutic effects is unknown. Because increased nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in these pathological conditions, we investigated whether the pharmacological activity of gypenosides is due to suppression of NO synthesis. The markedly increased production of nitrite by stimulation of RAW 264.

Effects of cod liver oil on tissue antioxidant pathways in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Lipid disorders and increased oxidative stress may exacerbate some complications of diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have implicated the beneficial effects of some antioxidants, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the protection of cells from the destructive effect of increased lipids and lipid peroxidation products. This study, therefore, was designed to investigate the effects of cod liver oil (CLO, Lysi Ltd.

In vivo treatment with stobadine prevents lipid peroxidation, protein glycation and calcium overload but does not ameliorate Ca2+ -ATPase activity in heart and liver of streptozotocin-diabetic rats: comparison with vitamin E.

Hyperglycemia leads to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and protein glycation that may impair cellular calcium homeostasis and results in calcium sequestration and dysfunction in diabetic tissues. Stobadine (ST) is a pyridoindole antioxidant has been postulated as a new cardio- and neuroprotectant. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the treatment with ST inhibits calcium accumulation, reduces lipid peroxidation and protein glycation and can change Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in diabetic animals.