Retinoic acid reduces kidney injury by regulating oxidative stress, NRF-2, and apoptosis in hyperoxic mice.

Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 (NRF-2) is a cellular resistance protein to oxidants. We investigated the effect of exogenous all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the antioxidant system and NRF-2 in mice kidneys under hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress. Mice were divided into four groups.

Evaluation of Fatty Acid Contents and Biological Activities of Jurinea turcica.

The fatty acid profile, antioxidant/antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects of the extracts obtained from Jurinea turcica B.Doğan& A.Duran have been evaluated for the first time in the current study.

CGRP induces myofibroblast differentiation and the production of extracellular matrix in MRC5s via autocrine and paracrine signalings.

There are contradictory views on which calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) causes pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrotic potency of CGRP was tested and compared to that of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Myofibroblast differentiation, cell proliferation, and activations of TGF-β and Wnt pathways were examined for 24, 48, and 72 h in A549 and MRC5 cell lines stimulated with CGRP and TGF-β.

Dysregulation of E-cadherin in pulmonary cell damage related with COPD contributes to emphysema.

Air pollution, especially at chronic exposure to high concentrations, is a respiratory risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). E-cadherin, a cell-cell adhesion protein, is involved in the integrity of the alveolar epithelium. Causes of E-cadherin decreases in emphysematous areas with pulmonary cell damage related to COPD are not well understood.

Atorvastatin attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in mice and human lung fibroblasts, by the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation and apoptosis.

Statins have anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in addition to cholesterol-lowering effect. We aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin (ATR) in fibrotic mouse lung and human lung fibroblasts (MRC5s). Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single dose of bleomycin by intratracheal instillation in adult mice.

Effects of combined administration of doxorubicin and chloroquine on lung pathology in mice with solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

Combined use of a chemotherapeutic agent and an autophagy inhibitor is a novel cancer treatment strategy. We investigated the effects of chloroquine (CQ) on lung pathology caused by both solid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and doxorubicin (DXR). A control group and eight experimental groups of adult female mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 2.

Effect of long noncoding RNAs on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells and fibrotic human lungs.

Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT involves myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We aimed to determine the expression profiles of HOTAIR, CARLo-5, and CD99P1 LncRNAs in EMT-mediated myofibroblast differentiation in A549 cells and fibrotic human lungs and to explain their roles.

The protective effect of vitamin U on valproic acid-induced lung toxicity in rats via amelioration of oxidative stress.

Vitamin U (Vit U) is a novel free-radical scavenger. The protective effect of Vit U on valproic acid (VPA)-induced lung damage was examined. Rats were divided into four groups: control rats; rats given Vit U (50 mg/kg/d, by gavage) for 15 days; rats treated with VPA (500 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneally) for 15 days; and rats were given VPA + Vit U (in same dose and time).

Vitamin D modulates E-cadherin turnover by regulating TGF-β and Wnt signalings during EMT-mediated myofibroblast differentiation in A459 cells.

Vitamin D (VitD) has an anti-fibrotic effect on fibrotic lungs. It reduces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) on tumors. We aimed to investigate target proteins of VitD for the regression of EMT-mediated myofibroblast differentiation.

Gastrin-releasing peptide induces fibrotic response in MRC5s and proliferation in A549s.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex lung disease, whose build-up scar tissue is induced by several molecules. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is released from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, alveolar macrophages, and some nerve endings in the lung. A possible role of GRP in IPF is unclear.

The effects of atorvastatin on the kidney injury in mice with pulmonary fibrosis.

Objectives: The present study investigated the effects of atorvastatin on kidney injury in mice with pulmonary fibrosis (PF).

Methods: Adult mice were divided into four groups: mice treated with intratracheal bleomycin (I) and their controls (II), and mice treated with atorvastatin for 10 days after 7 days from bleomycin treatment (III) and their controls (IV). Mice were dissected on the 21st day.

Exendin-4 partly ameliorates - hyperglycemia-mediated tissue damage in lungs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion, - plays anti-inflammatory role in atherosclerosis, and has surfactant-releasing effects in lungs. GLP-1 analogues are used in diabetes therapy. This is the first study to investigate the effects of exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on lung injury in diabetic mice.

The copper dependent-lysyl oxidases contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Abnormalities in the elastic fiber biology are seen in pulmonary emphysema (PE). The copper-dependent lysyl oxidases regulate the production and accumulation of elastic fibers in the connective tissue. This study focused on the relationship between lysyl oxidase (LOX), LOX-like protein 1 (LOXL1), and LOXL2 and PE pathogenesis.

Dasatinib attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

Anti-fibrotic effect of dasatinib, a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and Src-kinase inhibitor, was tested on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Adult mice were divided into four groups: mice dissected 21 d after the bleomycin (BLM) instillation (0.08 mg/kg in 200 µl) (I) and their controls (II), and mice treated with dasatinib (8 mg/kg in 100 µl, gavage) for one week 14 d after BLM instillation and dissected 21 d after instillation (III) and their controls (IV).

The protective effects of prostaglandin E1 on lung injury following renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

For the purposes of the present study, the protective effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on lung injury following renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) was investigated. Adult male rats were divided into four groups, namely, (I) control rats given physiological saline; (II) rats given PGE1 (20 μg/kg, intravenously); (III) rats subjected to RIR; and (IV) rats subjected to RIR given PGE1 30 min prior to ischemia and just before reperfusion. The right nephrectomy was performed in the RIR model.

Chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) extract improved hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and surfactant-associated protein alterations in rat lungs.

Context: Chard is used as an antidiabetic agent by the diabetic patients in Turkey.

Objective: The effect of chard extract [Beta vulgaris L. var.

The copper chelator tetrathiomolybdate regressed bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice, by reducing lysyl oxidase expressions.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by an increase in the number of fibroblasts and an accumulation of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The members of the copper-dependent lysyl oxidase (LOX) enzyme family regulate the collagen accumulation in the ECM. Tetrathiomolybdate (TM) is a copper chelator.

Retinoic acid induced repair in the lung of adult hyperoxic mice, reducing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mediated abnormal alterations.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of retinoic acid on lung alveolar repair in adult hyperoxic mice and to investigate the relationship between TGF-β1 and retinoic acid during the repair processes. Adult mice were divided into 4 groups. Two groups were given daily intraperitoneal injections of peanut oil/dimethylsulfoxide mixture and retinoic acid (50mg/kg body weight, 50 μl of volume) dissolved in peanut oil/dimethylsulfoxide mixture for 12 days with a 2-day break on days 6 and 7.

Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue: a novel protective agent with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant properties in mice with lung injury.

Teduglutide is a long-acting synthetic analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2). GLP-2 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as normal physiology in the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, possible cytoprotective and reparative effects of teduglutide were analyzed on a mouse model with lung injury induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and actinomycin D (Act D).

Neurotrophin-4 dependency of intraepithelial vagal sensory nerve terminals that selectively contact pulmonary NEBs in mice.

Important physiological functions of neurotrophins (NTs) in airways and lungs are the early development, differentiation and maintenance of peripheral sensory neurons. The main pulmonary sensory innervation is of vagal origin, with several nerve fibre populations that selectively contact complex morphologically well-characterized receptor end-organs, called neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs). NEBs in mouse lungs are innervated by at least two separate myelinated vagal sensory nerve fibre populations, of which the neurochemical coding is suggestive of a mechanosensory function.

Cathepsin B inhibition improves lung injury associated to D-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced liver injury in mice.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of benzyloxicarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-alanine-fluoromethylketone (Z-FA.FMK), an inhibitor of cathepsin B on lung injury that occurs concurrently with liver injury induced by D-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (D-GalN/TNF-alpha). Four groups of BALB/c male mice were treated as follows: Group 1--mice receiving intravenous (iv) injections of physiological saline; Group 2--administered with 8 mg/kg Z-FA.

Neurochemical pattern of the complex innervation of neuroepithelial bodies in mouse lungs.

As best characterized for rats, it is clear that pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) are contacted by a plethora of nerve fiber populations, suggesting that they represent an extensive group of multifunctional intraepithelial airway receptors. Because of the importance of genetically modified mice for functional studies, and the current lack of data, the main aim of the present study was to achieve a detailed analysis of the origin and neurochemical properties of nerve terminals associated with NEBs in mouse lungs. Antibodies against known selective markers for sensory and motor nerve terminals in rat lungs were used on lungs from control and vagotomized mice of two different strains, i.

Effects of coenzyme Q10 on the heart ultrastructure and nitric oxide synthase during hyperthyroidism.

Coenzyme Q10 is an important component of mitochondrial electron transport chain and antioxidant. Hyperthyroidism manifests hyperdynamic circulation with increased cardiac output, increased heart rate and decreased peripheral resistance. The heart is also under the oxidative stress in the hyperthyroidism.

Exposure of Dunaliella tertiolecta to lead and aluminum: toxicity and effects on ultrastructure.

The growth response of the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta to different concentrations of lead and aluminum was investigated. Both metals had a stimulatory effect at low concentration and an inhibitory effect at high concentration (hormesis). The IC25 values of lead are 8.

The relationship between nitric oxide and leptin in the lung of rat with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Lung structural changes and immunoreactivity of endothelial (eNOS)- and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated by light microscopy in lungs of treated and untreated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.