Exenatide treatment exerts anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects and reverses neuropathy in a mouse model of type-2 diabetes.

Background: Comorbid neurobehavioral disturbances and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) warrant immediate research attention. Exenatide, which is a potent and selective agonist for the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is used in the treatment of T2DM. Exenatide displays a multitude of effects in the central nervous system.

Involvement of serotonin receptor subtypes in the antidepressant-like effect of beta receptor agonist Amibegron (SR 58611A): an experimental study.

New therapeutic strategies against depression, with less side effects and thus greater efficacy in larger proportion of depressed patients, are needed. Amibegron (SR58611A) is the first selective β3 adrenergic agent that has been shown to possess a profile of antidepressant activity in rodents. To investigate the involvement of serotonin receptors in the effects of amibegron, we used the serotonin 5HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (WAY) or serotonin 5HT2A-2C receptor antagonist ketanserin or serotonin 5HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron in mice forced swimming test (FST).

Effects of L-arginine on 7-nitroindazole-induced reference and working memory performance of rats.

Background/aims: This study was performed in order to elucidate the effects of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) and L-arginine on cognitive functions of rats in a three-panel runway task.

Methods: 7-NI (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) and L-arginine (200 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into male Wistar rats 30 min before the test.

7-Nitroindazole, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, impairs passive-avoidance and elevated plus-maze memory performance in rats.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) on cognitive performance in a modified elevated plus-maze (mEPM) and passive-avoidance (PA) task was investigated by using the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) and an NO precursor l-arginine. The interaction between the activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and NO synthesis on memory retention was also studied. 7-NI, l-arginine or MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist were injected intraperitoneally (i.