Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with regards to reproducibility and diagnostic accuracy as well as possible significance of pre - and post - contrast acquisition and employment of different b values.

Purpose: Ongoing efforts are focusing on optimizing diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as an essential part of breast MRI protocol. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of contrast media (CM) on the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) acquired following current recommendations.

Patient And Methods: Patients who underwent 3 T breast MRI with a histologically verified suspicious lesion were included in this IRB-approved, single-center, cross-sectional retrospective study.

Influence of Gadolinium-based Contrast Media and Inter-reader Variation on the Estimation of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) Parameters in Breast MR Imaging.

Purpose: Gadolinium-based contrast media (GBCM) may affect apparent diffusion coefficient measurements on diffusion-weighted imaging. We aimed at investigating the effect of GBCM and inter-reader variation on intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters in breast lesions.

Methods: A total of 89 patients referred to 3T breast MRI with at least one histologically verified lesion were included.

Excretion of glucose analogue with SGLT2 affinity predicts response effectiveness to sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) regulation, developed as treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, can be imaged with the glucose analogue alpha-methyl-4-deoxy-4-[F]fluoro-D-glucopyranoside (Me4FDG), a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer with a high affinity for SGLT1 and SGLT2 proteins. With regard to therapy effectiveness, we aimed to investigate whether clinical parameters or Me4FDG excretion could predict response to SGLT2i in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In a longitudinal, prospective study, 19 patients with type 2 diabetes underwent Me4FDG combined PET and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) scans at baseline and 2 weeks after initiation of therapy with SGLT2i, accompanied by the collection of blood and urine samples.

Impact of a content-based image retrieval system on the interpretation of chest CTs of patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease.

Objectives: Content-based image retrieval systems (CBIRS) are a new and potentially impactful tool for radiological reporting, but their clinical evaluation is largely missing. This study aimed at assessing the effect of CBIRS on the interpretation of chest CT scans from patients with suspected diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD).

Materials And Methods: A total of 108 retrospectively included chest CT scans with 22 unique, clinically and/or histopathologically verified diagnoses were read by eight radiologists (four residents, four attending, median years reading chest CT scans 2.

Diagnostic Role of PET/CT Tracers in the Detection and Localization of Tumours Responsible for Ectopic Cushing's Syndrome.

Background/aim: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plays an important role in cancer localization in ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS). However, the choice of the optimal tracer for investigation of this disease is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic feasibility of [F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([F]FDG), [F]fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([F] FDOPA), and [Ga]-DOTA-1-Nal3-octreotide ([Ga]-DOTANOC) in ECS.

Can supplementary contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast avoid needle biopsies in suspicious microcalcifications seen on mammography? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To analyze the rate of potentially avoidable needle biopsies in mammographically suspicious calcifications if supplementary Contrast-Enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) is negative.

Methods: Using predefined criteria, a systematic review was performed. Studies investigating the use of supplemental CE-MRI in the setting of mammographically suspicious calcifications undergoing stereotactic biopsy and published between 2000 and 2020 were eligible.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Follow-up Imaging: Strategies to Distinguish Post-treatment Changes from Recurrence.

Soft tissue sarcomas encompass multiple entities with differing recurrence rates and follow-up intervals. The detection of recurrences and their differentiation from post-therapeutic changes is therefore complex, with a central role for the clinical radiologist. This article describes approved recommendations.

Whole-Body [F]FDG-PET/MRI vs. [F]FDG-PET/CT in Malignant Melanoma.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of simultaneous whole-body 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to [F]FDG PET/x-ray computed tomography (CT) for detection of distant metastatic disease in patients with malignant melanoma.

Procedures: We included patients with malignant melanoma who underwent a single injection [F]FDG dual-imaging protocol that included whole-body PET/CT and subsequent whole-body PET/MRI for staging or restaging purposes in a prospective setting. Images from both modalities were analyzed by two rater teams for the presence of metastatic lesions.

Assessment of the kidney function parameters split function, mean transit time, and outflow efficiency using dynamic FDG-PET/MRI in healthy subjects.

Background: Traditionally, isotope nephrography is considered as the method of choice to assess kidney function parameters in nuclear medicine. We propose a novel approach to determine the split function (SF), mean transit time (MTT), and outflow efficiency (OE) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) dynamic positron emission tomography (PET).

Materials And Methods: Healthy adult subjects underwent dynamic simultaneous FDG-PET and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI).

A Diagnostic Algorithm That Combines Quantitative 18F-FDG PET Parameters and Contrast-Enhanced CT Improves Posttherapeutic Locoregional Restaging and Prognostication of Survival in Patients With Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) and quantitative F-FDG PET parameters improves locoregional restaging in esophageal cancer (EC) after neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods: Eighty-eight consecutive patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, who underwent restaging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy before esophagectomy, were included in this retrospective study. The diagnostic accuracy of CE-CT, visual F-FDG PET/CT (vPET/CT), and quantitative PET parameters was assessed for T and N staging.

The prognostic value of [I]-vascular endothelial growth factor ([I]-VEGF) in glioma.

Purpose: Recent studies have shown that tumor vascular endothelial cells and various tumor cells overexpress receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of [I]-VEGF scintigraphy in patients with histologically verified brain tumors.

Methods: 23 consecutive patients (9 women and 14 men aged 30-83 years, mean age 56.

Assessing the kidney function parameters glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow with dynamic FDG-PET/MRI in healthy subjects.

Background: A method was developed to assess the kidney parameters glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) from 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) concentration behavior in kidneys, measured with positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Twenty-four healthy adult subjects prospectively underwent dynamic simultaneous PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. Time activity curves (TACs) were obtained from the dynamic PET series, with the guidance of MR information.

Diagnostic accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET/CT compared with that of contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast at 3 T.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of prone (18)F-FDG PET/CT with that of contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) at 3 T in suspicious breast lesions. To evaluate the influence of tumour size on diagnostic accuracy and the use of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVMAX) thresholds to differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions.

Methods: A total of 172 consecutive patients with an imaging abnormality were included in this IRB-approved prospective study.

Change in volume parameters induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy provide accurate prediction of overall survival after resection in patients with oesophageal cancer.

Objectives: To assess the prognostic value of volumetric parameters measured with CT and PET/CT in patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and resection for oesophageal cancer (EC).

Methods: Patients with locally advanced EC, who were treated with NACT and resection, were retrospectively analysed. Data from CT volumetry and (18) F-FDG PET/CT (maximum standardized uptake [SUVmax], metabolic tumour volume [MTV], and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) were recorded before and after NACT.

[Molecular breast imaging. An update].

Clinical/methodical Issue: The aim of molecular imaging is to visualize and quantify biological, physiological and pathological processes at cellular and molecular levels. Molecular imaging using various techniques has recently become established in breast imaging.

Standard Radiological Methods: Currently molecular imaging techniques comprise multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRSI), nuclear imaging by breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI), positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emission mammography (PEM) and combinations of techniques (e.

From in situ to in vivo: an in situ click-chemistry-derived carbonic anhydrase II imaging agent for positron emission tomography.

CA II makes a good PET: Discovering positron emission tomography (PET) probes with high target affinities is challenging. PET probe discovery using in situ click chemistry uses (19) F-bearing fragments as (18) F surrogates. This ensures that the lead hits and PET probes have equivalent chemical or biological characteristics, making PET probe discovery predictable and reliable.

Impact of 3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluoro-L-phenylalanine PET/CT on managing patients with brain tumors: the referring physician's perspective.

Unlabelled: We investigated the impact of (18)F-DOPA brain PET/CT on the clinical management of patients with known or suspected brain tumors.

Methods: A prospective survey of referring physicians was conducted. A pre-PET questionnaire inquired about indication, tumor histology or grade, level of suspicion for tumor recurrence, and planned management.

[Magnetic resonance tomography-guided interventional procedure for diagnosis of prostate cancer].

In recent years magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been increasingly established in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in addition to transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). The use of T2-weighted imaging allows an exact delineation of the zonal anatomy of the prostate and its surrounding structures. Other MR imaging tools, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging or diffusion-weighted imaging allow an inference of the biochemical characteristics (multiparametric MRI).

[Diagnose importance of multiparametric magnetic resonance tomography for prostate cancer].

Prostate cancer is biologically and clinically a heterogeneous disease which makes imaging evaluation challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has considerable potential to improve prostate cancer detection and characterization. Until recently morphologic MRI has not been routinely incorporated into clinical care because of its limitation to detect, localize and characterize prostate cancer.

Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of novel PET probes targeting the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway.

Purpose: Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a rate-limiting enzyme in deoxyribonucleoside salvage, a metabolic pathway involved in the production and maintenance of a balanced pool of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) for DNA synthesis. dCK phosphorylates and therefore activates nucleoside analogs such as cytarabine, gemcitabine, decitabine, cladribine, and clofarabine that are used routinely in cancer therapy. Imaging probes that target dCK might allow stratifying patients into likely responders and nonresponders with dCK-dependent prodrugs.

Correlation of 6-18F-fluoro-L-dopa PET uptake with proliferation and tumor grade in newly diagnosed and recurrent gliomas.

Unlabelled: 6-(18)F-fluoro-l-dopa ((18)F-FDOPA) measured with PET as a biomarker of amino acid uptake has been investigated in brain tumor imaging. The aims of the current study were to determine whether the degree of (18)F-FDOPA uptake in brain tumors predicted tumor grade and was associated with tumor proliferative activity in newly diagnosed and recurrent gliomas.

Methods: Fifty-nine patients (40 men, 19 women; mean age ± SD, 44.