Impact of Needle Design and Suture Gauge on Tissue Tearing During Skin Suturing: A Comparative Analysis.

Background: Surgeons face numerous choices in selecting sutures for skin closure, with potential adverse effects such as tissue tearing.

Objective: To investigate the influence of needle design and suture gauge on tissue tearing during suturing procedures.

Materials And Methods: The authors tested the tear-through force in Newtons for 3 needle types and 3 suture gauges using an artificial skin model and a professional-grade tensiometer.

Consumer focus group testing with stakeholders to generate an enteral resuscitation training flipbook for primary health center and first-level hospital providers in Nepal.

Introduction: Enteral resuscitation (EResus) is operationally advantageous to intravenous resuscitation for burn-injured patients in some low-resource settings. However, there is minimal guidance and no training materials for EResus tailored to non-burn care providers. We aimed to develop and consumer-test a training flipbook with doctors and nurses in Nepal to aid broader dissemination of this life-saving technique.

Defining the Histologic Support Structures of the Nasal Ala and Soft Triangle: Toward Understanding the Cause of Iatrogenic Alar Retraction.

Background: As rhinoplasty techniques have evolved to more extensive dissections, the incidence of iatrogenic deformities, such as alar rim retraction, has risen. Its mechanism is presently unknown. This study examined the microscopic anatomy of the nasal ala to define architectural support elements at the histologic level to determine why rhinoplasty dissection creates such deformities.

Review of Recent Large-Scale Burn Disasters Worldwide in Comparison to Preparedness Guidelines.

The US National Bioterrorism Hospital Preparedness Program indicates that each care facility must have "a plan to care for at least 50 cases per million people for patients suffering burns or trauma" to receive national funding disaster preparedness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether this directive is commensurate with the severity recent burn disasters, both nationally and internationally. We conducted a review of medical journal articles, investigative fire reports, and media news sources for major burn disasters dating from 1990 to present day.

Atypical Fibroxanthoma in a 13-Year-Old Guatemalan Girl with Xeroderma Pigmentosum.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, autosomal recessive disease involving a defect in DNA repair leading to the premature development of numerous aggressive cutaneous malignancies. Although atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a neoplasm typically found in the setting of extensive sun exposure or therapeutic radiation, AFXs are rarely associated with children with XP. We report the case of a 13-year-old Guatemalan girl with the XP type C variant who developed one of the largest AFXs reported on a child's finger.

Transcription restores DNA repair to heterochromatin, determining regional mutation rates in cancer genomes.

Somatic mutations in cancer are more frequent in heterochromatic and late-replicating regions of the genome. We report that regional disparities in mutation density are virtually abolished within transcriptionally silent genomic regions of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) arising in an XPC(-/-) background. XPC(-/-) cells lack global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), thus establishing differential access of DNA repair machinery within chromatin-rich regions of the genome as the primary cause for the regional disparity.

Frontal sinus repair through a frontalis rhytid approach.

Frontal sinus fractures have traditionally been repaired through a bicoronal approach. This incision provides a wide exposure, but is not without complications, particularly in the patient with or at risk for hairline recession. We present a series of 15 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of anterior table frontal sinus fractures through a frontalis rhytid forehead incision and their results based on the scar appearance, forehead contour, frontalis function, sensation and fracture reduction.

Single-stage forehead flap in nasal reconstruction.

The paramedian forehead flap has become the standard of care for major nasal reconstruction. The classic procedure involves a second-stage operation to divide and inset the external pedicle. We present our experience in a clinical series using single-stage forehead flap reconstruction.

Use of gauze-based negative pressure wound therapy in a pediatric burn patient.

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is described as it is used in the treatment of an infant burn victim. This case highlights the ability and techniques used to maintain an airtight dressing seal in the perirectal region. Use of this dressing type post-skin grafting allowed for 100% graft adhesion and no bacterial contamination despite close proximity to the rectum.

Salvage of a lower extremity by microsurgical transfer of tibial bone from the contralateral extremity traumatically amputated at the ankle level.

The authors present a case of free vascularized transfer of the tibial bone as an osteomyocutaneous flap based on the posterior tibial vessels. A 42-year-old man presented with severe crush injury to bilateral legs. The left tibial bone and soft tissue defect required reconstruction with an osteomyocutaneous free flap.

Aesthetic reconstruction of severe postburn neck contractures.

Severe neck contractures after burns cause gross facial deformity and severe functional disability. Reconstruction of these deformities is challenging. Goals of reconstruction are to obtain full range of neck movements and to restore the aesthetic appearance to the face and neck.

Correction of Poland's deformity through a hemiareolar incision.

Many techniques have been described to correct breast hypoplasia and asymmetry associated with Poland's syndrome. Some patients are not interested in permanent implants. Others are not suitable candidates for implants because of severe muscle and soft tissue deficiencies.

Microsurgical replantation of the lip: a multi-institutional experience.

Traumatic amputation of the lip is a rare yet devastating event affecting both form and function. Considering the available methods for reconstruction, replantation may offer a reasonable solution. We sought to characterize the variables associated with lip replantation and to assess the outcome in a retrospective review of 13 lip replantations performed in 12 institutions utilizing a form database and clinical and photographic analysis.

Brachioradialis musculocutaneous flap closure of the elbow utilizing a distal skin island: a case report.

A brachioradialis musculocutaneous flap with a distal skin island is described to close a chronic elbow wound. This newly described distal skin island directly over the brachioradialis tendon provides viable and durable coverage for the olecranon/posterior elbow region. The advantages and disadvantages of this treatment as compared with other historical reconstructive options for this region are analyzed.

Only a subset of trauma patients with depressed mitogen responses have true T cell dysfunctions.

Many studies have demonstrated depressed mitogenic responses in trauma/burn patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, data attributing the relative contribution of secreted inhibitory factors versus a true T cell dysfunction to these depressed mitogenic responses have been conflicting. We have characterized the T cell dysfunctions in posttrauma mitogen depression by simultaneously assessing patient T cell proliferation in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMC and in the purified T cell population induced with anti-CD3 + anti-CD4.

Latissimus dorsi free flap for sacral wound closure: the world's longest vein grafts for free tissue transfer.

In 1983, Salibian et al. reported the use of a two-stage latissimus dorsi free tissue transfer to cover a sacral radiation ulcer using 28-centimeter thoracodorsal interposition vein grafts. In 1985, Nahai and Hagerty reported a similar case in which the procedure was performed in one stage with 25-centimeter vein grafts.

Elevated IL-8 production by trauma patients' monocytes is associated with elevated secretion of TNF alpha.

IL-8 is a recently described chemokine that increases polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration and has been implicated in inflammatory pathology. This study assesses monocyte (M phi) interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in severe trauma patients (injury severity score > 16) who have elevated levels of M phi cell-associated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), a major marker for systemic inflammatory response syndrome after injury. We demonstrate elevated (p = .

First web space release with the dorsal hand rotation flap: closing the donor site.

Release of first web space contractures with the dorsal hand rotation flap depends on the mobilization of relatively large areas of skin. Fortunately, the dorsum of the hand has sufficient laxity to accommodate such substantial flaps. Closure of the resultant donor site may be challenging.

Abdominal surgery in patients with severe morbid obesity.

At the University of Massachusetts Medical Center, from 1984 to 1992, we performed laparotomy or panniculectomy on 42 individuals weighing from 290 to 600 pounds, each with a height-weight index of over 55. All patients weighted more than 220 percent of ideal body weight. Follow-up ranged 8 to 52 months.

Continued tumor necrosis factor receptor expression by trauma patients' monocytes (Mphi) despite TNF alpha secretion.

In investigating various mechanisms for continued elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) production in trauma patients' monocytes (Mphi), we examined TNF receptor (TNFR) levels on the patients' Mphi as a possible altered pathway leading to continued autocrine TNF alpha stimulation. Mphi TNFR synthesis and shedding are both increased as TNF alpha protein production increases. In fatal meningococcal infections, TNFR shedding fails to pace TNF alpha production.

Free flap valvular transplantation for refractory venous ulceration.

Purpose: Nonoperative therapeutic approaches to chronic venous ulceration, although effective, often require prolonged dressing care and immobilization with leg elevation. Results of skin grafting, perforator ligation, and valve interpositions and reconstructions improve results of ulcer healing but have not uniformly prevented ulcer recurrence. Our hypothesis is that reconstruction of chronic venous ulcers by excision of the diseased tissue bed and replacement with a free flap containing multiple competent microvenous valves and a normal tissue microcirculation will result in long-term cure of these debilitated patients.

Thumb replantation after cardiac transplantation.

Generally, severe medical illnesses, including chronic immunosuppression and heavy steroid use, have been deemed relative contraindications for replantation surgery. We report the successful replantation of an amputated thumb in a patient who had previously undergone heart transplantation and was on therapeutic immunosuppression. Despite extensive soft-tissue damage and joint involvement, thumb function and sensibility returned to acceptable levels.

Rectus abdominis flap closure of ischiosacral pressure sore.

An inferiorly based rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap was used to close a large ischiosacral pressure sore refractory to the usual methods of closure in a paraplegic patient. The functions of the rectus abdominis muscle to initiate vertebral flexion from a supine position and aid in respiration, urination, defecation, and vomiting may play a proportionately greater role in the paraplegic patient. Although our patient did not experience any noticeable clinical deficits, this donor site is theoretically less functionally expendable in the paraplegic patient.